Saint Nicetas the Patrician

Saint Nicetas the Patrician (; 761/62 – 6 October 836) was a Byzantine monk and a fervent opponent of Byzantine Iconoclasm. He is usually identified with Nicetas Monomachos , a eunuch official and general from Paphlagonia active at the turn of the 9th century.

He is honoured as a saint and a Confessor of the Faith by the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is on 13 October. According to his hagiography, he was castrated by his parents at a young age, received a good education and was sent to Constantinople at age 17 , where he entered the service of the imperial court. According to the same source, Nicetas distinguished himself among the court eunuchs and came to the attention of Empress-mother Irene, who handled the Empire's affairs as regent after 780. Irene promoted him because of his ability and because of their ties of kinship. In 787, Nicetas is even said to have represented the Empress at the Second Council of Nicaea, although given Nicetas' youth this is likely to be an invention by his hagiographer.

Shortly after, he was promoted to the rank of patrikios, and was sent to Sicily as the governor (strategos) of the local theme. On account of this information, he is usually identified with the patrikios and strategos of Sicily Nicetas, who in 797 sent an embassy to Charlemagne, as well as with the patrikios Nicetas Monomachos, who brought the hand of Saint Euphemia from Constantinople and built a church in Sicily to house the holy relic. Nicetas' tenure as governor of Sicily is therefore placed , and ended before 799, when a certain Michael was governor of the Theme of Sicily. If "Monomachos" represents a family name rather than a sobriquet (it means "single combatant"), Nicetas would be the first attested member of the Monomachos family, which rose to prominence in the 11th century, with several of its members becoming high-ranking functionaries, and which also produced an emperor, Constantine IX Monomachos .

Almost nothing is known of Nicetas' activities in the decade after the deposition of Irene in 802. According to his hagiography, he wanted to retire to a monastery, but was prohibited from doing so by Emperor Nikephoros I and his son Staurakios. or the patrikios Nicetas who was one of the founders of the Church of St. Stephen in Trigleia, Bithynia. He is also frequently equated with the admiral Nicetas who in 807–808 led the Byzantine fleet in its reoccupation of Dalmatia and Venice, who in turn is sometimes identified with the Nicetas who was General Logothete in 808–811.

Monastic life With the accession of Michael I Rhangabe to the throne, Nicetas was at last able to receive tonsure (late 811). Indeed, the new emperor encouraged him in this endeavour, served as his sponsor, and gave him the convent of Chrysonike near the Golden Gate, where Nicetas retired.

Nothing is known of his life during the reign of Michael II the Amorian , but in the early reign of Michael's son and successor Theophilos, the persecution of iconophiles intensified, and monks in particular became the targets of the emperor's iconoclast zeal. Despite his probable family connection to Theophilos' empress, Nicetas was ordered to accept communion with the iconoclast patriarch, Antony Kassymatas, or face exile. Nicetas chose the latter, and with a handful of disciples and other like-minded monks he fled to Bithynia. He spent the next few years moving from locality to locality around the coast of the Sea of Marmara to evade harassment from iconoclast officials, before finally settling in the villages of Zouloupas and then Katesia, where he died on 6 October 836. According to the sources, Nicetas specialized in "healing men tormented by sexual desires" (K. Ringrose).

Hagiographic sources The main sources on Nicetas are his hagiography and the synaxaria. The hagiography survives in a 12th-century manuscript, now located in the National Library of Greece at Athens. It was formerly attributed to Nicetas of Medikion, but was written by an anonymous monk of the Monastery of the Archangels (Μονή Ασωμάτων) at Katesia, founded by Nicetas, sometime shortly after Nicetas' death. The account was based on the notes of Nicetas' namesake nephew and disciple, who succeeded him as the monastery's abbot.