Oles Shevchenko

Oles Yevhenovych Shevchenko (; born 22 February 1940) is a Ukrainian journalist, human rights activist, politician, and former Soviet dissident who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from Kyiv's Holosiivskyi District from 1990 to 1994. Prior to his election, he was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and an editor for underground newspaper The Ukrainian Herald.

Early life and career Oles Yevhenovych Shevchenko was born on 22 February 1940 to an ethnically-Ukrainian family in the city of Skvyra. His father was a military officer in the Red Army that had fought in the Russian Civil War, the Winter War, and World War II. Oles began working in 1957 as a worker on a kolkhoz in , later studying at the journalism institute of Taras Shevchenko University from 1960 to 1969. He served in the Soviet Army for three years, from 1961 to 1964. Shevchenko worked as an editor of the Ukrainian Biochemical Journal under the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union from 1969 until his 1980 arrest.

Dissident activities and imprisonment Shevchenko began to support the Soviet dissidents in 1965, following the mass arrests of Ukrainian intellectuals that had happened that year. In 1973, following another series of arrests, he established the "United Revolutionary Front", a short-lived underground group which circulated samvydav in an effort to bring about an uprising against Soviet rule. The organisation lasted for a year without being discovered before it dissolved. On 5 April, Shevchenko suffered a heart attack following an interrogation and was hospitalised, leading him to unsuccessfully attempt to sue the Soviet government. He was convicted on 24 December of that year on charges of anti-Soviet agitation. He was sentenced to five years of corrective labour in Perm Oblast, as well as three years of internal exile in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. He served his sentence in Perm-35, Perm-36, and Perm-37, and later lived in exile in Kazakhstan's Guryev Region (now Atyrau Region). In one instance, after his arm was injured, he began wearing a winter coat earlier than was permitted. After ignoring several warnings from guards not to wear it, the coat was torn off, again injuring Shevchenko's arm and leading to a prison strike among Ukrainian political prisoners.

Shevchenko was pardoned on 30 April 1987, allowing him to return to Ukraine. He subsequently returned to dissident activity, organising the Ukrainian Culturological Club and the Ukrainian Helsinki Union. to run for his seat as he sought to remove Oleksandr Moroz. However, he was unsuccessful, and lost his seat in the Verkhovna Rada.

From 1990 to 1995, Shevchenko was a member of the Ukrainian Republican Party, leading its Kyiv branch. He joined the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists in 1995, and was a member of People's Movement of Ukraine from 1997. He supported Yuriy Kostenko during the party's 1999 split, joining the Ukrainian People's Party, and he is a member of its central committee. Shevchenko is a supporter of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.