Muzafar II

Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah II (born Khalil Khan; 6 December 1475 – 5 April 1526), also known as Muzafar II and The Clement, was a Sultan of the Muzaffarid dynasty, who reigned over the Gujarat Sultanate from 1511 to 1526. He was the fourth son of Sultan Mahmud Begada, and succeeded his father upon his death.

Early life Khalil Khan was born as the fourth son of Mahmud Begada, sultan of Gujarat, from his wife, Rani Hirabai, the daughter of Naga Rana, a Rajput chief on the banks of the river Mahi. His mother died a few days after giving birth to him, and thus he was brought up in the care of his step-grandmother, Hansa Bai. After the funeral of the late Sultan were completed, he ascended the throne on Friday, 7 Ramzan 917 AH corresponding to 27 November 1511. He assumed the title of Muzaffar Shah.

Reign Rashid‑ul‑Mulk was granted the title Khudawand Khan and appointed vizier. Other leading nobles of the court received honorific titles: Khush Kadam titled Mukhlis Khan, Malik Burhan titled Mansur Khan, Malik Qutb was titled Azd‑ul‑Mulk, Malik Mubarak titled Iftikhar‑ul‑Mulk, Nasir Shadi titled Mubariz‑ul‑Mulk, Malik Sheikhji titled Tarid‑ul‑Mulk, and Malik Shah titled Rukn‑ul‑Mulk. However, a misunderstanding arose, causing apprehension that Malik Dawam-ul-Mulk, an amir of Gujarat, might unjustly claim all credit for the anticipated victory over Rana Sanga. Consequently, despite resistance from the other amirs who harbored grievances against Malik Ayaz, when Rana Sanga dispatched a messenger offering vassalage to the Sultan, he willingly acquiesced to the terms of peace proposed by the Rajput ruler. Shortly afterwards, on the death of Malik Ayaz, Muzaffar Shah II confirmed his elder son Malik Is-hak in his father's rank and possessions. Malik Is-hak remained in Sorath, which was confirmed as his jagir. In the following year, the Sultan went about his dominions strengthening his frontier posts, especially the fort of Modasa, which he rebuilt. After Sikandar Shah had been in power for a few months, he was murdered by Imad-ul-Mulk Khush Kadam, who seated a younger brother of Sikandar's, named Nasir Khan, on the throne with the title of Mahmud Shah II and governed on his behalf.

The singular event of Sikandar's reign was the destruction of an army sent against his brother Latif Khan who was helped by Rana Bhim of Munga (now Chhota Udaipur). The nobles deserted Imad-ul-Mulk's cause, and prince Bahadur Khan, returning to Gujarat, was joined by many supporters such as Taj Khan, the proprietor of Dhandhuka. Bahadur Khan marched to Champaner, captured and executed Imad-ul-Mulk, poisoned Nasir Khan, and ascended the throne in 1527 with the title of Bahadur Shah. Alfonso further passed on Genda along with its Indian keeper to King Manuel I of Portugal. This gift caused quite a sensation in King Manuel's kingdom as nobody had seen a living rhinoceros in Europe. In late 1515, Manuel further sent Genda as a gift to Pope Leo X in Rome, but the ship carrying the animal capsized. The memory of the rhino lived on due to the works of the artist Albrecht Dürer.

Family Muzaffar Shah is known to have eight sons and two daughters: Sikandar Khan, his oldest son, who succeeded his father as Sikandar Shah of Gujarat. He was the son of Bibi Rani, Muzaffar's chief queen. Bahadur Khan, who succeeded his older brother as Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. His mother was Rani Lakshmi Bai, the daughter of a Gohel Rajput. Latif Khan. His mother was Rani Rajbai. He rebelled against Bahadur Shah and died during the rebellion. His son Mahmud later succeeded to the throne of Gujarat. Chand Khan. He was born of a concubine and fled to Mandu upon Bahadur Shah's ascension. After Bahadur's conquest of Malwa, Chand Khan fled to the Deccan. Ibrahim Khan, born of a concubine. He was poisoned by Bahadur Shah. Nasir Khan, who was briefly placed on the throne by Imad-ul-Mulk after Sikandar Shah's assassination as Mahmud Shah II of Gujarat. He was five or six years of age upon his ascension and was poisoned in 1527. Two more sons, born of concubines, and poisoned on Bahadur Shah's orders. Ayesha Bibi, daughter of Bibi Rani. She was married to Majlis-i-Sami Fateh Khan, a prince of Sindh. Ruqayya Bibi, daughter of Bibi Rani. She was married to Adil Khan Faruqi of Khandesh, and her son Miran Muhammad Shah I succeeded Bahadur Shah as Sultan of Gujarat.