Leon Schönker

Leon Schönker was a Polish painter, businessman and social activist, born in 1903, died in 1965. Schönker was known for organizing an Emigration Bureau in Oświęcim (renamed Auschwitz by the Nazi occupiers) aiming to help Jews leave occupied Poland and save their lives.

Biography The Schönker family settled in Oświęcim around the mid-19th century. Subsequent generations of Schönkers contributed greatly to the financial and cultural development of Oświęcim. The family was known for keeping close relationships with local residents, Jews and Christians alike, as well as serving on the city council. Leon's father was Józef Schönker, a well-known industrialist who in 1905 established a pesticide factory called A.E. Schönker – later renamed to Agrochemia Artificial Fertilizer Factory Ltd. He was a member of the town council, the Israelite Religious Community and the Oświęcim Savings Bank.

During World War I, the Schönker family moved to Vienna, where 15-year-old Leon took up his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts. He continued his studies after the war in Paris and Amsterdam. In 1922, he returned to Poland, initially settling in Kraków, where he got involved in local art circles. He was among the founders of the Association of Jewish Painters and Sculptors and was eventually elected its president. His polychromes decorated the interior of the Wolf Popper synagogue in Krakow's Jewish district Kazimierz. He published in a number of dailies and journals, including Nowy Dziennik and Sztuka i Życie Współczesne. In the interwar period, he was already a recognized painter, a well known citizen of Kraków and Oświęcim. His works are in the collections of the Bezalel Academy in Jerusalem and in the Hermitage.

Post 1940 In early 1940 the family was forced to escape from the town. They went through Kraków, Wieliczka and ghettos in Tarnów and Bochnia. Thanks to forged documents they found themselves in the special section of Bergen-Belsen camp as Palestinian citizens waiting to be exchanged. After the evacuation they were liberated. After the liberation the Schönkers returned to their hometown. Leon reopened the Agrochemia factory and took the presidency of the Jewish Religious Association. However, in 1949 the Communists confiscated his factory and imprisoned him as part of the war against private business. In 1955 the family was granted permission to leave the country. They went to Vienna and late to Israel. Leon Schönker died in 1965 at the age of 62.