Lal Kunwar

Imtiaz Mahal (Persian "distinguished one of the palace"; 18 March 1691 – 17 June 1759),

Origins and family She is alternately referred to as a singing girl, a dancing girl, a Nautch girl, or Kanchani. She had no prior ties to the court or claims to nobility, but rose to become the favorite companion of Jahandar Shah. Her father, Khasusiyat Khan, supposedly descended from Mian Tansen, a renowned musician during the reign of Akbar.

Comparisons have been made to Nur Jahan, who also exercised considerable influence over the placement of her own relatives. Like Nur Jahan, Lal Kunwar received a massive allowance, as well as fortunes in jewels and goods. She was permitted to use the emperor's standard and drums, and was attended by a procession of five hundred men. Emperor Jahandar Shah consulted her about his stressful and dilemma matters, both public and private, But she did not have much opinion about his affairs and court intrigues. Unlike Nur Jahan, she did not influence the policy of the state and her interests seem confined to devotion to her family and emperor. She was more occupied with comfort and pleasure with relative carelessness in the harem and encouraged Jahandar Shah to keep his mind away from political matters and turn to enjoying life to avoid worries.

Another anecdote suggests that at her hinting, Jahandar Shah once ordered the entire crew as well as their passengers to abandon a boat, purely so she could satisfy her curiosity to watch so many people drown.

The emperor's aunt, Zinat-un-Nissa (daughter of Aurangzeb), disapproved of her and would not visit or acknowledge her at court. She is said to have hurled insults at the Begum, and at her request the emperor declined to visit his aunt and ignored her invitations. Lal Kunwar was not fond of Jahandar Shah's two young sons, and consequently their father stopped seeing them and had them imprisoned.

Under her companionship, Jahandar Shah gave himself over to indecencies such as bathing and frolicking naked in public, and subjecting himself to the physical and verbal abuses of drunken musicians in his own court. Her influence is credited with the loss of respect for the Mughal court system, and the role of the emperor.

Despite her almost unanimously poor reputation amongst the Mughal elite, some modern revisionist scholars maintain that she was observed to be sympathetic and charitable toward the lower classes.

Death of Jahandar Shah Near the end of his reign, when he had lost to Farrukhsiyar at Agra, Lal Kunwar joined the deposed emperor in prison until he was ultimately executed.