John Clavell

John Clavell (c. 1601–1643) was a highwayman, writer, lawyer, and medical doctor. He is known for his poem A Recantation of an Ill Led Life, and his play The Soddered Citizen. His life is mainly split into two parts: his early life in England, where he grew up, lived as a highwayman, and started his reformation, and the latter part of his life in England and Ireland where he was a lawyer and physician.

Early life and family John Clavell was the youngest of six children. He was baptized at Wootton Glanville and grew up in Sherborne, England where he spent 18 years of his life. Clavell's heritage comes from an 11th-century family, the Clavell family.

John Clavell's parents were Frances and John Clavell Senior. Clavell's father was plagued by a life of financial trouble; he borrowed money from his son-in-law Robert Freake, but never paid off the loan. He was said to have attended "Spiritual Court" for "moral behaviour"; allegedly he engaged in an affair while married to Frances. Clavell Sr. played an important role in pardoning his son later in life. Unlike her husband, she did not take part in requesting a pardon for her son when he was jailed. Frances also disapproved of John's first wife, Joyce, which led Clavell to address his mother in the second edition of "A Recantation of an Ill Led Life," where he asks both her and his sister Elizabeth to accept Joyce as a good wife.

Education John Clavell attended Brasenose College, Oxford, from 1619 to 1621. In 1621, he left the college without a degree. During this period, Clavell is noted to have stolen a golden or silver plate. He was sentenced to time in jail, but was pardoned in April 1621 and released without bail. It is theorized that his uncle Sir William played a major role in his receiving the pardon, and that the theft is the reason Clavell left Brasenose without a degree.

Adult years

After he left university in 1621, Clavell spent the next five years in London, where he lived a life of crime, poverty and ill health. In 1623 he became the administrator to his father's estate. In 1625 he married his first wife, Joyce. It is believed that she was of low standing and little inheritance; in the second edition of "A Recantation of an Ill Led Life" Clavell appealed to his mother and sister to accept Joyce as a good woman.

In 1625 Clavell was imprisoned in King's Bench Prison as a convicted felon. In 1627 he was apprehended, found guilty and sentenced to death. It is said that he owed his pardon in 1627 to the King and Queen.

Eventually, Clavell found his way to Ireland. Some think he went there in 1631, but the actual date is disputed. On 14 April 1635, Clavell married a Dublin heiress, who was noted to be younger than ten years old. Clavell's records of cures from his times as a doctor are recorded in a manuscript, Bodleian MS. Rawl, D. 399, which dates from 1636 and places Clavell in Ireland around this time.

In 1638, a lawsuit over money owed to Clavell's brother-in-law Robert Freake places Clavell back in England. In it, Clavell writes about being a highway man and sends a warning to travelers. In this piece, Clavell also writes to everyone who helped him reach a pardon from his death sentence.

The first edition was entered into the Stationers' Register on 22 September 1627, and was first published in 1628.

The second edition was also published in 1628, but is slightly different because of the aforementioned address to his mother and sister, asking them to accept his first wife, Joyce. The third edition was written in 1634 and contains everything except the address to his mother and sister. All three volumes were published in Clavell's lifetime by Richard Meighen, who also published "The Soddered Citizen".

The Soddered Citizen The Soddered Citizen is a comedic play which is thought to have been written between 1629 and 1634. Also, he was assumed to be in Ireland at the same time as the manuscript was produced. Other sources believe that John Clavell could not have written it, because they trace the date that it is written before 1630 (with the death of actor Richard Sharp) - before John Clavell travelled to Ireland. Clavell claims that the first robbery was at Gad's Hill.