Jeremiah Smith

Sir Jeremiah Smith (sometimes written as Jeremy Smith or Smyth; died October/November 1675) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the First and Second Anglo-Dutch Wars, rising to the rank of admiral.

Smith served in the Navy during the period of the Commonwealth, commanding ships at several of the battles of the First Anglo-Dutch War. He continued in the Navy after the restoration of the monarchy and was involved in further actions with the Dutch, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. He rose through the ranks to become one of the junior commanders of the royal fleets, and at times commanded squadrons of his own on independent cruises. He was heavily involved in the St. James's Day Battle, where he commanded the English rear, and fought a hard-pitched battle against a Dutch squadron under Cornelis Tromp. Smith became involved in a professional rivalry with another naval officer, Sir Robert Holmes, but successfully repudiated charges of cowardice, and held office in the naval administration, until his death in 1675.

Family and early life Smith was the third son of Jeremiah Smith, initially of Canterbury, but who is believed to have established himself as a shipowner and merchant based in Hull, and who resided at Birkin with his wife, Frances. The younger Jeremiah Smith may have served in the New Model Army during the English Civil War. He is recorded as having been appointed to command the 42-gun during the period of the Commonwealth, and as having signed the declaration of confidence in the leadership of Oliver Cromwell on 22 April 1653, made by the admirals and captains of the fleet. For his part in the battle, he was one of thirteen naval officers chosen to have their portraits painted by Sir Peter Lely as part of the Flagmen of Lowestoft, ordered by James, Duke of York. Of Lely's portrait of Smith, the art historian John Rothenstein wrote "The cold and sombre Admiral Sir Jeremy Smith is surely one of the finest portraits of the age", while Ellis Waterhouse commented that "'Sir Jeremy Smith' shows Lely at the summit of his powers of drawing, painting and interpretation."

Smith was moved to the 100-gun in 1665 and sent to the Mediterranean with a squadron of ships under his command. His squadron, the weakest of the English fleet, engaged the strongest Dutch squadron, under Cornelis Tromp. In doing so Smith prevented Tromp from coming to the assistance of Michiel de Ruyter, whose force was severely mauled by the van of the English fleet. After a period of fierce fighting Smith withdrew from the line, either by choice or by being forced out by the Dutch. Tromp followed, weakening the Dutch line. In 1667 he was given a small squadron with which to attack Dutch commerce in the North Sea. This was followed by an appointment in 1668 to be vice-admiral of the fleet in the English Channel under Sir Thomas Allin.

Domestic and later life Smith became Comptroller of Victualling in 1669, and held the post until his death. He had become an important landowner during his time in the navy, buying Prior House in Hemingbrough, near Selby in 1662, and acquiring land in the area, including the manor of Osgodby in 1668. He was twice married, having at least three sons by his second wife, Anne. Smith died at Clapham sometime in either October or November 1675, his will being last dated on 13 October 1675 and then being proved on 13 November. His body was returned to his holdings at Hemingbrough and was buried in the church there, where a monument was later raised to his memory. He was described during his lifetime by the Italian diplomat Lorenzo Magalotti as "... a soldier of fortune like all the others, born and bred on the water, so to speak."