Jeffery Lee

Jeffery James Lee (born December 26, 1976), also known as Jeffrey Lee, is an American convicted murderer sentenced to death in Alabama. Lee was found guilty of murdering American singer Jimmy Ellis and Elaine Thompson during a pawn shop robbery on December 12, 1998. Lee was also convicted of shooting Helen King in the same attack. Despite the jury's 7–5 vote for life without parole in his 2000 murder trial, Lee was sentenced to death by the trial judge through judicial override, a controversial practice that was eventually abolished in Alabama.

Lee's execution was originally scheduled to be carried out by nitrogen hypoxia on June 11, 2026. However, it was ultimately stayed due to the federal courts finding it unconstitutional to execute Lee by nitrogen hypoxia, an execution method which became increasingly controversial due to several inmates allegedly experiencing severe pain or suffering during prior executions in the state.

After his execution was stayed, the state filed litigation to re-schedule Lee's execution via lethal injection, and Lee is currently on death row awaiting execution on September 17, 2026.

Lee is a board member of Project Hope to Abolish the Death Penalty, an anti-death penalty group composed of death row inmates.

Background Jeffery James Lee was born on December 26, 1976, in Alabama, and is the third of seven children. Lee was raised in an impoverished household and was physically and psychologically abused by his father and mother, respectively. Despite these challenges, school records showed that Lee generally performed well in school until the 11th grade, when his academic performance began to decline. Sources revealed that Lee's history of substance abuse began at the age of seven, when he first started to sniff gasoline, and he first consumed alcohol at age 11. During his adolescence, Lee abused drugs like cocaine and marijuana. By the time of his arrest for murder in 1998, Lee fathered two children with his then girlfriend.

1998 pawn shop murders On December 12, 1998, in Orrville, Alabama, Jeffery Lee, then 21 years old, committed a robbery at a local pawn shop owned by American singer Jimmy Ellis, who was shot to death alongside his ex-wife and partner Elaine Thompson in the robbery. Ellis, under the stage name Orion, was famous for his vocals that resembled the late singer Elvis Presley.

On that day, hours before the double murder, Lee entered the pawn shop with his brother and cousin, and under the pretext of buying a wedding ring, Lee looked at wedding rings in order to keep up the facade, and he conversed with Helen King, an employee of the shop, stating that he had no money and he would return later with money to buy one. After giving King a fake alias of "Chris Williams", Lee and the other two men departed from the store. Apart from King, Ellis and Thompson were also present in the shop. After his departure, Lee drank and smoked cocaine-laced marijuana elsewhere, before he went back to the store a second time.

Autopsy results showed that Ellis died of a gunshot wound to the chest and also sustained multiple shotgun wounds on his body. Thompson herself also died due to the gunshot injury inflicted on her face.

In April 2000, at the end of his murder trial, Lee was found guilty of one count of attempted murder and two counts of capital murder by a Dallas County jury. The same jury also voted 7–5 to recommend sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for both capital murder counts. Apart from the two death sentences, Lee was also sentenced to life imprisonment for the attempted murder of Helen King.

In April 2017, the lawmakers of Alabama passed a new bill to abolish the judicial override prerogative, making only the juries to have a final say on sentence rather than judges, and Governor Kay Ivey signed the bill into law. However, the law was not retroactive and Lee's death sentence was still in effect. A bill was subsequently proposed to make the law retroactive and re-sentence death row inmates who were affected by judicial override. This bill was, however, rejected by the state lawmakers in April 2024. A May 2024 report revealed that Lee was among 30 inmates on Alabama's death row who had been sentenced through judicial override and still awaiting execution.

Appellate process On October 26, 2001, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals dismissed Lee's direct appeal against his death sentence.

On June 27, 2003, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Lee's capital murder convictions and denied his appeal. Lee was among three capital murder defendants (another one of whom was also on death row) whose appeals were unsuccessful before the court that day.

On October 9, 2009, Lee's post-conviction petition was rejected by the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals.

On August 1, 2013, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed Lee's appeal.

Four years later, Lee once again appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the appeal was denied on April 2, 2018.

June 2026 execution attempt In February 2026, Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall filed a motion seeking to schedule the execution dates of both Jeffery Lee and Michael Shannon Taylor, the latter who was convicted of killing Ivan and Lucille Moore during a 1991 robbery attempt.

Lee's death warrant was eventually approved by the Alabama Supreme Court. On April 15, 2026, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey ordered Lee's execution to be carried out via nitrogen hypoxia on June 11, 2026. Lee was Alabama's first condemned inmate to have his death sentence scheduled after convicted murderer Charles Lee Burton's death sentence was commuted to life without parole by Governor Ivey two days before his execution date in March of that same year.

At the time when Lee's execution was scheduled, Lee had already filed a lawsuit challenging the method of nitrogen hypoxia the year before, and that lawsuit was pending in federal court. On May 29, 2026, U.S. District Judge Emily C. Marks dismissed Lee's appeal and ruled that his execution should move forward as scheduled. She stated that Lee did not substantially prove that the method of nitrogen hypoxia was cruel and unusual even though there was some degree of suffering through this method by causing severe air hunger for one to three minutes.

On June 8, 2026, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the ruling of Judge Marks and remitted the case back to the lower courts for another hearing, raising their concerns regarding the constitutionality of nitrogen gas executions. While they did not stay Lee's execution, the court stated that the lower courts needed to determine whether Lee's proposed alternative of execution by firing squad was feasible.

On June 9, 2026, two days before Lee's scheduled execution, District Judge Marks issued a court order that permanently enjoined the state from executing Lee by nitrogen hypoxia, ruling that the method potentially constituted as "cruel and unusual punishment" in accordance to the Eighth Amendment.

On June 10, 2026, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the state prosecution's appeal to overturn Judge Marks's order that prevented them from deploying nitrogen gas for Lee's execution.

On June 11, 2026, the date of Lee's scheduled execution, the U.S. Supreme Court, through a majority ruling of 6–3, denied the state's motion to lift the stay of execution and upheld the ruling of Judge Marks to bar the use of nitrogen gas for his execution. In response to the verdict, Attorney General Marshall expressed that the state would continue to seek justice for the victims' families and ensure that Lee's sentence be lawfully carried out, and labelled the court's decision as a "miscarriage of justice" for the victims and their surviving kin. Governor Ivey released a statement, saying that the state could still apply to carry out Lee's death sentence via a different execution method on another date, and affirmed her commitment to serving justice for the families of Ellis and Thompson.

Scheduled execution On June 12, 2026, a day after his execution was stayed, Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall filed a new motion seeking another execution date for Lee, and requested that Lee be executed by the default method of lethal injection. In the filing, the state's contention was that the court order only barred the state from executing Lee via nitrogen gas, but it did not restrict the state from using any other method legally available in Alabama (which consisted of both lethal injection and the electric chair) to carry out Lee's death sentence.

On July 28, 2026, U.S. District Judge Emily C. Marks allowed the state to carry out the sentence of Lee by lethal injection, affirming that her order only barred the state from deploying nitrogen gas to execute Lee but did not exclude the use of other methods.

On July 30, 2026, Lee's execution date was re-scheduled to take place on September 17, 2026.