Jean Boniface Textoris

Jean Boniface Textoris (24 February 1773 – 3 September 1828) was a French military surgeon, chief medical doctor of the French Navy.

Joining the Navy in 1787, at the age of 14, he rose through the ranks of Navy surgeon, operating during 16 years on most of the major ships of the Ancien Régime and of the French Revolutionary Wars.

Received doctor at the Montpellier Faculty of Medicine in 1803, he was appointed Chief Medical Officer of the squadron shortly after the advent of the First Empire under the command of Admiral de Latouche-Tréville, then on his death, under the command of Admiral de Villeneuve on the . In this capacity, he took part in the battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) where he was recognised for his devotion to wounded sailors.

For a few years, he still embarked on hospital ships, but, in 1811, weakened by his health, he applied for a position as an instructor and was appointed to the Army training ship, the Duquesne. As this service was abolished after the fall of Napoleon I, he was appointed to the direction of the Navy's health services in the port of Marseille, where he ended his career. He died in Néoules.

Biography He was born on 24 February 1773 in Toulon. His father was Boniface Textoris, a Navy surgeon, and his mother, Henriette Brémond. He married Marie Elisabeth Jaume. Their daughter Sophie Héloïse (1805-1836) married Fortuné Joseph César Racord, a surgeon at the French hospital in Smyrna from 1836 to 1849.

Old Regime and Revolution As soon as 12 June 1787, Jean Boniface Textoris was employed in the Navy hospitals in Toulon as an auxiliary surgeon. Attached to the health service of the bagne of Toulon, he caught typhus imported by a chaîne (chain) of convicts who arrived at that time.

On September 12, 1790, he became a surgical assistant on the frigate the Minerve which was sent to the Adriatic to observe its coasts and positions. The campaign of this frigate corresponded to the naval stations of the navy to ensure the French presence in the eastern Mediterranean and the security of its trade in the Levant. During this trip, he took notes that would later form the basis of the dissertation he will read on the antiquities of the island of Thasos, at the Academy of Toulon, of which he will be one of the founders and the first secretary.

Empire Textoris re-embarked on the Formidable on 7 August 1804 with the title of chief doctor of the squadron under the orders of Vice-Admiral de Latouche-Tréville (died 19 August 1804), then again on the flagship Bucentaure from 24 October 1804 to 23 October 1805, under the command of Vice-Admiral de Villeneuve, where he became surgeon major on 28 March 1805. In this capacity, he took part in the battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805.

The officers of the health service, under the orders of Textoris, were distributed as follows: Clément, 1st class health officer on board the Neptune. Bodran, health officer 1st class on board the Indomptable. Martiny, health officer 1st class aboard the Redoutable. Lerebourg, health officer 1st class aboard the Héros. Lefort, health officer 1st class on board the Formidable. Peyron aboard the Scipion, Truc aboard the Intrépide, Landon aboard the Dugay-Trouin, Barale aboard the Mont Blanc, Laborde aboard the Algésiras, Descarrière aboard the Fougueux, Fournier aboard the Pluton, Fichet aboard the Aigle, Delivet aboard the Argonaute, Lasserre aboard the Berwick, Saint-Hilaire aboard the Achille, Grillon aboard the Cornélie, Dumonteuil aboard the Hermione, Isnard aboard the Hortense, Guigou aboard the Rhin, Pépin aboard the Thémis, Daudi aboard the Furet, Mercey aboard the Observateur.

When the French flagship surrendered to the enemy with Admiral Villeneuve on board, the ship was very heavily damaged, almost dismasted, and covered with corpses and wounded.

Taken in tow by , the Bucentaure broke her towing cable. The French officers still on board took the ship from the British and, despite the state of the ship, set course for Cádiz in the middle of a storm. In the early morning, while in sight of the port, she ran aground in the swell, and despite attempts to lighten and free her, the ship began to sink. Some 450 survivors found refuge on the Indomptable which came to the rescue. On board the Indomptable there were more than 1200 men (crew and survivors of the Bucentaure). On the evening of 23 October the storm broke her anchors and drove her back to the coast. Only 150 men were saved.

“Dr. Textoris was to be found wherever there was good to be done and difficulties to be overcome, or to put it in more detail, he devoted all his time to disputing the death of the unfortunate mutilated by carrying out, as soon as possible, the major operations, with the means at hand, and to dispensing, to all the wounded, moral consolation and the most diligent care.”

On 24 July 1807 he was on the Commerce de Paris until 22 January 1808. the inhabitants of Marseilles have taken fright.

He was appointed vice-president and then president of the same academy on November 8, 1823. Suffering from ophthalmia, followed by supra-orbital neuralgia and rheumatic pain, he was forced to ask for his retirement after thirty years of service.

Jean Boniface Textoris died at Néoules, a small village in Var, on 3 September 1828.

Distinctions Knight of the Légion d'honneur Knight of the Légion d'honneur (28 avril 1821).

Works Étude des eaux (1826) Dissertation sur le scorbut (1803)