James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow

James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow, 4th Earl of Callendar (died 25 April 1723) was a Scottish nobleman who was convicted of high treason and forced to forfeit his estates and all his titles to the Crown.

Early life Livingston was the only son and heir of Alexander Livingston, 3rd Earl of Callendar and his wife, Lady Anne Graham. He had two younger sisters, including Lady Mary Livingston, who married James Graham of Airth, Judge of the Court of Admiralty in Scotland. and on 7 August 1695, following the death of his paternal uncle George, he succeeded as the 5th Earl of Linlithgow. His uncle, who died without issue, had been married to Hon. Henrietta Sutherland (daughter of Alexander Sutherland, 1st Lord Duffus).

Livingston escaped to the Continent 1716 and joined the titular James III in exile in Papal territory at Urbino. Together, they were the parents of two children: Lady Anne Livingston (1709–1747), who married William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock (1705–1746), who was also convicted of high treason after which the Earldom of Kilmarnock was forfeited and he was executed on Tower Hill.

Linlithgow died on 25 April 1723 at Rome, Italy. As Lady Margaret's sister died childless, the Hay family dignities went to their grandson, James, Lord Boyd, son of the 4th Earl of Kilmarnock.