Holly Ingraham

Holly Ann Ingraham (born 1952) is an American physiologist who is the Herzstein Professor of Molecular Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco. She studies women's health, in particular, sex-dependent central regulation of female metabolism and physiology. She was Elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2019, and the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.

Early life and education Ingraham grew up in Northern California. As a child she was gifted a Bausch & Lomb microscope and spent her spare time investigating all the objects she could find close to her home. She started her scientific career as an undergraduate student at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), where she majored in biology and psychology. Ingraham earned her doctorate at UCSD.

Research and career Ingraham studies hormone-responsive nodes in the brain. In particular, she is interested in estrogen's signalling in the brain and how this impacts female metabolism. She has studied the influence of estrogen-sensitive brain cells on bone density. Over two million people suffer from osteoporosis, with post-menopausal women being particularly vulnerable to the condition. The declining levels of estrogen after menopause can cause bones to become increasingly porous and fragile. Ingraham manipulated neurons in the hypothalamus, and found that genetically deleting the estrogen receptor caused female animals to gain weight and become less active. She identified that these heavier mice had increases in bone density of up to 800%. Together with her collaborators, Ingraham investigated estrogen-sensitive brain cells in the arcuate nucleus, and proposed that estrogen typically signals these neurons to slow bone growth. By deleting these receptors, Ingraham showed that it was possible to reduce this shift. The same was not true in male mice, where manipulating the estrogen signalling had no impact. She identified that the herbicide atrazine can activate gene networks. 2006 Herzstein Distinguished Investigator in Molecular Physiology 2012 Elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science 2018 Joseph Larner Memorial Lecture in Pharmacology 2019 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2021 Elected to the National Academy of Sciences 2023 Recipient of Edwin B. Astwood Award for Outstanding Research in Basic Science

Personal life Ingraham is married to David Julius, professor and chair of physiology at UCSF and winner of 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She and David Julius have a son.

Selected publications