Gowhar Ghajar

Gowhar Qajar (; died c. 1901), also known as Hajieh Gowhar , was a writer, poet, and calligrapher of the Qajar era who was also familiar with astronomy. She was known by the title Shams al-Shu'ara (; lit. Sun of the Poets). She is recognized as one of the first female astronomers in Iran and the author of the book Gowhariyeh. Her mother was Tayghun Khanum, She honed her poetic talents in the school of Qa’ani, adopting the Iraqi style in her odes, the Saadi style in her ghazals, and sometimes following the style of Hafez.

The themes of her poems, which were compiled in a book titled Divan-e Gowhar or Gowhariyeh, mostly revolved around the praise of Shia Imams, Naser al-Din Shah, and his mother, Malek Jahan Khanom. The mention of the name and title of Gowhar Qajar is found on the first page of the book Gowhariyeh (1902).In the preface of her poetry collection, which was published in Isfahan in 1902 (1320 AH) with the support of Ahmad Fateh al-Molk, Her success, described in the text as eloquence and fluency, led to her fame, and Naser al-Din Shah bestowed upon her the title "Shams al-Shu'ara" (Sun of the Poets).

The text states that she no longer composed poetry after Malek Jahan Khanom. It also mentions that she was alive until 1901 (1319 AH) when her collection of poems was handed over to the publisher. Since in this preface, the author, Gowhar Qajar, is mentioned using the past tense, her death likely occurred a year before the book's publication and almost simultaneously with the submission of the work to Fateh al-Molk in 1901.

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