Frank Stephens

Frank Stephens (1849–1937) was an American naturalist and the first director of the San Diego Natural History Museum. He was considered the pioneer naturalist of the Southwest, studying the mammals and birds of California, Arizona, and Baja California. His personal specimen collection of 2,000 birds and mammals, donated in 1910, was the foundation of the San Diego Natural History Museum's Birds & Mammals Department, now a major resource on bird and mammal species of western North America, including Baja California.

Biography Born on April 2, 1849, near Portage in Livingston County, New York, Frank Stephens was the eldest of the four sons of Nelson and Julia (née Preston) Benson. During his early years, the family moved to the Midwest, farming in Michigan, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas. An interest in wildlife led him at age 22 to take some lessons in taxidermy. At age 24, he married Elizabeth Fowler, and in 1874 the couple moved to Colorado, where he studied taxidermy with ornithologist Charles E. Aiken.

Moving to California in 1876, he settled in Witch Creek, San Diego County, California, where he farmed and continued collecting, working regularly for the U. S. Biological Survey and the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ). In the early 1880s, Stephens collected in southwest New Mexico and Arizona for Aikens and for William Brewster (ornithologist) of Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology. He collected for Donald Ryder Dickey and C. Hart Merriam, among others. He was a collector for the U. S. Biological Survey's 1891 Death Valley Expedition.

Stephens's wife Elizabeth died in January 1898, and he married Kate Brown in August 1898. She accompanied him on several collecting trips, including the 1907 expedition to southeastern Alaska sponsored by Annie Montague Alexander. In her own right, Kate Stephens became an authority on shells.

Stephens was active both in the field and the study throughout his 60-year career. He is credited with collecting at least 45 type specimens.

Memberships American Ornithological Union, 1883 (associate); 1901 (member) Cooper Ornithological Club, 1894, 1912 (honorary member) American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1926 Fellow San Diego Society of Natural History Zoological Society of San Diego Biological Society of Washington American Society of Mammalogists, 1919 (charter member)