Duane McRuer

Duane Torrance "Mac" McRuer (October 25, 1925 – January 24, 2007) was a scientist, engineer, and expert in aircraft flight and other vehicle controls who cofounded Systems Technology Inc. in 1957. He made many contributions to the theory and practical application of human-machine interaction and control.

Early life and education

McRuer's father, John Torrance McRuer, and his mother, Ruth Inez Bartlett, graduated from Park College in Parkville, Missouri in 1910. John later graduated with a master's degree in education from Stanford University, and worked in education throughout his professional life as an instructor and administrator. Ruth developed McRuer's interest in academic pursuits by encouraging him to read and study.

McRuer was born in Bakersfield, and spent the early years of his life in California's Central Valley. His family moved to Los Angeles when he was ten years old, which afforded him close proximity to the various museums at Exposition Park, along with the University of Southern California campus. McRuer was a voracious reader, a habit that made him a polymath.

McRuer served in the US Navy during World War II as a lieutenant, and worked on anti-submarine techniques. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1945 and a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering in 1948, both from the California Institute of Technology.

Northrop Corporation

Upon graduation from Caltech, McRuer went to work for the Northrop Corporation. The company provided research and development consulting to the aircraft and nascent aerospace industries. Later contracts came from both the private and public sector for studies on the interplay of human behavior and a wide variety of dynamical systems. Human-vehicle studies expanded beyond aircraft to include automobiles, trucks, and military vehicles.

STI's reputation for what became known as manual control theory garnered international interest. In 1960 the Franklin Institute awarded McRuer and his coauthor Ezra Krendel its Levy Medal for their studies of human dynamic behavior, in particular the paper "The Human Operator as a Servo System Element". McRuer traveled to speak at professional meetings and symposiums around the world. He retired as president of STI in 1993, but remained chairman of the board.

Other technical work

McRuers's crossover model is a mathematical description of a dynamical system operated by a human being, and is foundational in the field of human-machine interaction. The system is typically a vehicle such as an aircraft or automobile. Use of this model led to the design of vehicles with improved performance, safety, and ease of operation. McRuer's books and monographs included "Aircraft Dynamics and Automatic Control," coauthored with Dunstan Graham and Irving Ashkenas. He co-authored "Analysis of Nonlinear Control Systems," also with Graham. His work continues to be cited in modern textbooks on aircraft control.

McRuer was also involved in government and professional service. He was an advisor to NASA on the flight control system of the Space Shuttle. Later, while serving on the NASA Advisory Council, he advised on the redesign of the International Space Station. He chaired a National Research Council study on the phenomenon of pilot induced oscillations, which produced recommendations for improving aircraft safety. He was a longtime member and leader of the Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee (ACGSC), which organizes technical meetings for the field. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1988 with the citation "For pioneering application of guidance and control theory and to experimental man-machine interactions." By 1985 he had climbed all of the 297 mountains on the Sierra Peaks list, and later climbed the 97 mountains on the Desert Peaks list twice. His pursuit of list finishing included visiting the highest point in every state save for Alaska.

Recognizing the need for better trained hiking and mountaineering leaders, he wrote the Sierra Club Leadership Reference Book, and edited future versions. This work served as a model for the entire Sierra Club, leading to a set of standards to be a Sierra Club Certified Leader. McRuer taught many snow, rock, and navigation training classes. 2002 – Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)

Sierra Club

1973 – Phil Bernay's Service Award (Angeles Chapter, Hundred Peaks Section) Sideslip stability augmenter, (1958). Longitudinal stability augmenter, (1960). Apparatus for measuring operator performance, (1969).

Papers

Reports