Dean Fujioka

, better known as is a Japanese actor, voice actor, singer, songwriter, musician, model and film director/producer.

Biography Dean Fujioka was born in Sukagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Moving with his family, he grew up in Kamagaya, Chiba Prefecture. Although Fujioka is multilingual (fluent in Japanese, English, Cantonese, Standard Mandarin, Indonesian) and made his debut in a Chinese fashion show, he has clarified in some interviews and variety shows that his parents and grandparents are all Japanese, who used to work or live in foreign countries. Raised in such a family, he grew determined to explore the world himself. After graduating from Chiba Prefectural Funabashi High School, Fujioka majored in IT at Seattle Central College in the city of Seattle, USA. After graduating from college, he traveled to different countries in Asia and came into contact with various ethnicities, cultures and languages.

Fujioka has a wide range of hobbies such as Chinese martial arts, kickboxing, chess, basketball, skiing and taking pictures, and also likes composition and lyrics. Although he is allergic to gluten, he enjoys eating and is particular about food. but now mainly in Tokyo. Besides writing, composing, and producing, he also works as a rap singer. He likes music such as songs by Yutaka Ozaki and the song "Sweet Memories" by Seiko Matsuda.

Career Active overseas Dean Fujioka started his career as a model in Hong Kong's fashion scene in 2004 for both local and international designer brands. He continued to appear in Hong Kong's leading fashion and lifestyle magazines. Simultaneously with his career in fashion, he also embarked on various advertising campaigns, appearing in TV and print commercials for both local and multinational clients in the Asia pacific region.

In 2006, Fujioka started to pursue a career in acting. He moved his base from Hong Kong to Taipei and appeared in his first TV series Goku Dō High School with Bao Weimin, Bao Xiaobo, and Kingone Wang. His very first film August Story, starring Tian Yuan, Dean Fujioka, and Jan Cheung, caught public attention in the film festivals held in Hong Kong, Japan, and Taiwan.

In 2007, Fujioka appeared as a talented pianist in the TV series Corner with Love with Barbie Shu and Show Lo. He also appeared in Summer's Tail, his first film in Taiwan, with Bryant Chang, Enno Cheng, and Hannah Lin. A year later, Fujioka appeared in the TV series Miss No Good with Rainie Yang and Will Pan, produced by Angie Chai. Afterwards, he suspended his career in acting and went to Jakarta, where he met DJ Sumo (Sumantri) and collaborated on his songs.

In 2011, Fujioka appeared in the feature film Seediq Bale, about the history of Taiwan under Japanese rule, and in the film The Road Less Traveled with Vanness Wu, Jimmy Hung, Eric Tu, and Chris Lung. He also joined Amuse, Inc. in that year. In 2012, Fujioka appeared in the film Black & White Episode I: The Dawn of Assault, which was based on the popular Taiwanese TV series directed by Tsai Yueh-Hsun.

In 2013, Fujioka appeared in the TV series Just You in Taiwan. Furthermore, he starred in his first self-directed film I am Ichihashi: Journal of a Murderer in Japan. A year later, he appeared as a Chinese historical figure in his first Japanese TV movie Shooting Down – Three Pilots,

Getting his big break in Japan In 2015, Fujioka starred as a private detective in his first Japanese TV series Detective versus Detectives. He also started a regular segment in a radio program. Along with global popularity of the anime, his name came to be known to people all over the world. According to the top trending Google Search queries by year in 2016, he was ranked 5th in the world in the category "Musicians".

In 2017, Fujioka started an irregular appearance as an influencer in a news program, Saturday Station. He starred as an unfaithful man in the film Marriage and released his second EP "Let it snow!" as its theme song. and attracted 20,000 fans, including fans travelling to the concerts from overseas. He starred in the TV series The Count of Monte-Cristo: Great Revenge. Furthermore, he released the single "Echo" as its theme song. The song is inspired by the "Wave" genre which attracted the attention in the worldwide club music scene. Its music video, in which he co-starred with Moga Mogami, received the Best Alternative Video at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan. In February, he made his debut as a DJ at a club event presented by Taku Takahashi, among other stars such as starRo, TJO, and YUC'e. From February to May, he held his first Asia tour, titled Born To Make History. The tour venues included Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indonesia. Meanwhile, he took part in the festival 908 FESTIVAL 2019 presented by KREVA. In November, in the omnibus film Angel Sign directed by manga artist Tsukasa Hojo, he co-starred with Nao Matsushita. He also sang its theme song. Meanwhile, by his remarks on a TV variety show, he collaborated with the sweets cafe "taiwan ten cafe" originated in Taiwan. He supervised drinks with tapioca named "Dean Tapioca" and put them on sale for a limited time. Around the same time, he presided over "Weibo Account Festival in Japan 2019" for the first time, and also received the Ambassador of Sino-Japanese Cultural Exchange.

2020's In February 2020, Fujioka assumed the post of an ambassador of "World Robot Summit 2020". Meanwhile, he planned to hold his live tour from October 2020 to January 2021, but cancelled it due to the spread of COVID-19. that he wrote in 2008 and first released in 2013 as his self-introduction and the statement of his intentions. He evolved it into a completely new form song after 12 years. Meanwhile, he appeared in the TV series Dangerous Venus. Prior to the concert, he released the download single "Follow Me".

Fujioka appeared in the TV series Reach Beyond the Blue Sky, which aired from February 2021, and it was his first appearance in the taiga drama. He played Godai Tomoatsu in the asadora Here Comes Asa!, which aired on the same TV station from 2015 to 2016, and he played the same role again. From July, he appeared in the TV series My Fair Prince. In November, he became the first Japanese ambassador for the men's category of the fashion brand COACH. In December, the animated film Hula Fulla Dance, his first challenge to a voice actor, was released. Furthermore, in May and June, a two-part sequel to the 2017 live-action film Fullmetal Alchemist in which he appeared were released. The coffee sauce for the yokan is made from coffee from Gayo District, Aceh, Indonesia. A portion of the purchase price of the coffee will be used to support the activities of the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme through The Orang Utan Regenwald GmbH. This project aims to protect the environment of the forests where endangered orangutans live and to enrich the lives of local producers. In November, he took part in the charity event Act Against Anything VOL.2 "THE VARIETY 28" by Goro Kishitani and Yasufumi Terawaki. In June, he appeared as a guest artist at Fantasy on Ice, a Japanese touring ice show, in Niigata and Kobe, performing with top figure skaters such as Yuzuru Hanyu, Johnny Weir and Stéphane Lambiel.

In January 2024, Fujioka appeared in the TV movie Shōjiki Fudōsan Special and in the TV series Shōjiki Fudōsan 2 which aired from the following week. He also released the song "一起看黃昏 (Teleportation Chinese ver.)", a collaboration with Accusefive, which was included in this limited edition, for distribution on the same day.

In February 2025, Fujioka starred in Shōjiki Fudōsan Minerva Special, a spin-off of the TV series he appeared in the previous year. and released it for distribution in June.

Personal life Fujioka married Vanina Amalia Hidayat, who is Chinese Indonesian, in 2012. The couple had fraternal twins, a boy and a girl, born in 2014. In March 2017, Fujioka posted a picture of their third child, his second son on Instagram. On October 18, 2025, Fujioka announced through his agency that they have amicably divorced.

Filmography Film August Story (2006, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan ) as Ping-on Breeze of July (2007, Hong Kong) as Michito Summer's Tail (2007, Taiwan) as Akira Fuwa Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale (2011, Taiwan) as Miyakawa, the signaller Road Less Traveled (2011, Taiwan) as Yi Black & White Episode I: The Dawn of Assault (2012, Taiwan) as Agent Lee (Agent Li) I am Ichihashi: Journal of a Murderer (2013, Japan) as Tatsuya Ichihashi Ninja The Monster (2015, Japan) as Denzō Go! Crazy Gangster (2016, Taiwan) Tseng, Shuai-nan (Zēng Shuàinán) Kekkon (Marriage) (2017, Japan) as Kenji Urumi Hagane no Renkinjutsushi (Fullmetal Alchemist) (2017, Japan) as Colonel Roy Mustang, The Flame Alchemist Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Kanketsu-hen - Fukushūsha Scar (Fullmetal Alchemist The Revenge of Scar) (2022, Japan) Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Kanketsu-hen - Saigo no Rensei (Fullmetal Alchemist The Final Alchemy) (2022, Japan) Umi wo Kakeru (The Man from the Sea) (2018, Japan, France and Indonesia) as Laut Sora-tobu Taiya (Recall) (2018, Japan) as Yūta Sawada Kioku ni Gozaimasen (Hit Me Anyone One More Time) (2019, Japan) as Isaka, the Executive Secretary to the Prime Minister The Hound of the Baskervilles: Sherlock the Movie (2022, Japan) as Shishio Homare Last Mile (2024, Japan) as Dōgen Igarashi Orang Ikan (2024, Singapore, Indonesia, Japan and United Kingdom) as Saitō Angie no BAR de Aimashō (Meet me at Angie's BAR) (2025, Japan) as a mysterious young man Oishikute Naku Toki (2025, Japan) as Shinya Kazama 30 years later Paripi Kōmei THE MOVIE (Ya Boy Kongming! The Movie) (2025, Japan) as Ryūbi (Liu Bei) / Narration Chichi to Boku no Owaranai Uta (Our Eternal Song) (2025, Japan) as Ryōichi Eiga Shōjiki Fudōsan (In May, 2026, Japan) as Ryōma Kamiki

Television Goku Dō High School (School Royale) (2006, Taiwan) – Dean Shindō Corner With Love (2007, Taiwan) – Kaede Andō Miss No Good (2008, Taiwan) – Chia, Sze-le (Jiǎ Sīlè) Just You (2013, Taiwan) – Dean Kamiya Gekitsui San-nin no Pilot (Shooting Down – Three Pilots) (2014, Japan) – Yue, Yi-chin (Yuè Yǐqín) The Pinkertons (2014–2015, Canada) – Kenji Harada Asa ga Kita (Here Comes Asa!) (2015–2016, Japan) – Godai Tomoatsu Kensō no Machi, Shizuka na Umi (The Noisy Street, The Silent Sea) (2016, Japan) – Shin Minazuki IQ246: Kareinaru Jikenbo (IQ246: The Cases of a Royal Genius) (2016, Japan) – Kensei Moribito II: Guardian of the Spirit (2017, Japan) – Ehang Imakara Anata wo Kyōhaku Shimasu (May I blackmail you?) (2017, Japan) – Kanji Senkawa Monte-Cristo Haku: Kareinaru Fukushū (The Count of Monte-Cristo: Great Revenge) (2018, Japan) – Dan Saimon, Monte-Cristo Shinkai Les Misérables: Owarinaki Tabiji (2019, Japan) – Jun Baba Sherlock: Untold Stories (2019, Japan) – Shishio Homare Sherlock: Special Edition (2019, Japan) Kiken na Venus (Dangerous Venus) (2020, Japan) – Yūma Yagami Seiten wo Tsuke (Reach Beyond the Blue Sky) (2021, Japan) – Godai Tomoatsu Oshi no Ōjisama (My Fair Prince) (2021, Japan) – Tomohisa Mitsui Tsuda Umeko: Osatsu ni Natta Ryūgakusei (2022, Japan) – Mori Arinori Pandora no Kajitsu: Kagaku Hanzai Sōsa File Saishin-Shō SP (Pandora's Fruit The Latest Chapter Special) (2024, Japan) HOTEL -NEXT DOOR- (2022, Japan) – Katsuaki Saegusa Hoshi Furu Yoru ni (2023, Japan) – Shinya Sasaki Ranman (2023, Japan) – Tengu / Sakamoto Ryōma Shōjiki Fudōsan 2 (2024, Japan) Ossan's Love: Returns ep.4 (2024, Japan) – Shō Lagerfeld Ijin Andro Shi (Andro The Alien) (The SF Short Drama of Fujiko・F・Fujio Season3) (2025, Japan) – Andro Taigan no Kaji~ Kore ga, Watashi no Ikiru Michi!~ (2025, Japan) – Tatsuya Nakatani Chottodake Esper (Just A Bit Espers) (2025, Japan) – Ōsuke LOVED ONE (2026, Japan) – Masumi Mizusawa

News program Saturday Station (TV Asahi), an irregular appearance as an influencer from 22 April 2017 to 26 September 2020

Web series Happy Marriage!? (2016, Japan) – Hokuto Mamiya Boku no Oshi wa Ōjisama (My best is Fair Prince) ep. 8 (2021, Japan) – Tomohisa Mitsui Pandora no Kajitsu: Kagaku Hanzai Sōsa File Season 2 (Pandora's Fruit Season 2) (2022, Japan) – Yūichi Kohiruimaki The Victims' Game Season 2 (2024, Taiwan) – Zhang, Geng-hao (Zhāng Gěnghào)

Anime film Hula Fulla Dance (2021, Japan) – Ryōta Suzukake The short anime Kamiusagi Ropé on Mezamashi TV (ep. "Hula Dance") (2021, Japan) – Ryōta Suzukake

Dubbing Thomas & Friends: The Mystery of Lookout Mountain (2024) – Whiff

Other web shows Animated documentary Mirai eno Tegami〜Kono Michi no Tochū kara〜 (2016, YouTube PrefFukushima) as a story teller Mirai eno Tegami〜Kono Michi no Tochū kara〜, Jūittūme no Tegami: Kumo no Kanata (2017, YouTube PrefFukushima) as a story teller Nayameru Otona no Sōdan Live "Ichi-mon Ittō" (2025, ORIX group official Instagram "SMILE ON") as a special guest Produce 101 Japan Shinsekai (2026, Lemino, Mnet Plus and Nippon TV) as the National Producer Representative

Niconico Live DEAN FUJIOKA Niconama Hatsu Shutsuen! New Single "Take Over" Release Kinen Niconama 24 Jikan Tokuban (2021) DEAN FUJIOKA Nama Shutsuen! 3rd Album "Transmute" Release Kinen Tokuban (2021) DEAN FUJIOKA 3rd Album "Transmute" Release Kinen Niconama Tokuban Furikaeri & Tokuban Making Jōeikai (2022) DEAN FUJIOKA Seitansai & Best Album "Stars of the Lid" Release Kinen Niconama Umaretekitekurete Arigatou! DEAN no Shukujitsu (2023) DEAN FUJIOKA Seitansai & Best Album "Stars of the Lid" Release Kinen Niconama Tokuban Furikaeri & Tokuban Making Jōeikai (2023)

Short film 2 Cartons of Alphabet H (2006, Hong Kong), directed by Yan Yan Mak So Poetic (2007, Hong Kong ), directed by Yan Yan Mak Sleeping Princess (2007, Hong Kong), starring with Denise Ho in Small Matters Music Video Story Sleeping Prince (2007, Hong Kong), starring with Denise Ho in Small Matters Music Video Story

Video games Stranger Than Heaven (2027) – Yū Shinjō

Music videos (sung by others) For the music videos sung by DEAN FUJIOKA himself, see Music videos in the Discography. "Rolls Royce" by Denise Ho (2005, Hong Kong), directed by Yan Yan Mak "Echoes of Eternity" by Steven Lin (2007, Taiwan), directed by Jimmy Hung "Sleeping Prince" by Denise Ho (2007, Hong Kong), directed by Yan Yan Mak "This is Love" by Cyndi Wang (2007, Taiwan), directed by JP Huang "Ai Ya" by Vanness Wu (2011, Taiwan), directed by Chen Wei-ling "Falling Numb" by Rainie Yang (2025, Taiwan), directed by JP Huang

Discography Singles "History Maker at InterCycle" (2016) "Echo" (2018)

Digital downloads Songs not included on the CD and songs that were distributed before the CD was released are listed. "My Dimension" (2013), MV directed by DEAN FUJIOKA (2016), the opening theme song of the anime Yuri!!! on Ice "Midnight Messenger Mandarin Ver." (2017) "Let it snow! YUC'e Remix" (2018) "Let it snow! Mandarin Ver." (2018) "Maybe Tomorrow" (2019) "Shelly" (2019) "Send It Away (feat. GONG)" (2019) "Searching For The Ghost" (2019) "Neo Dimension" (2020) "东京游 (Tokyo Trip)" (2020), sung by DEAN FUJIOKA & 福克斯 "Go The Distance" (2020) "Follow Me" (2020) "Runaway" (2021) "Sukima" (2021) "Apple" (Pandora Ver.) (2022) "Apple" (2022) "Teleportation" (2023) "In Truth" (2024) "Loved One" (2026)

EPs Permanent Vacation / Unchained Melody (2017) Let it snow! (2017) Shelly (2019)

Studio albums Cycle (2016) The 12-track digital album Transmute (Trinity) was pre-released on October 29, 2021. The 22-track playlist album Musical Transmute was released digitally on December 27, 2021.

Compilation album Stars of the Lid (2023)

Live albums DEAN FUJIOKA Special Live "InterCycle 2016" at Osaka-Jo Hall (2017, Japan) DEAN FUJIOKA LIVE&DOCUMENTARY SPECIAL Blu-ray BOX 2025 (2025, Japan) DEAN FUJIOKA Live 2023 “Stars of the Lid” at Nippon Budōkan (2025, Japan)

Ken Ninomiya

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Koh Yamada

Spiky John

Riku Ozawa

SUGiE (GOHOBI)

Unknown

KEISUKE NAKASHIMA

YUANN / kidzfrmnowhere.

te2ta

Daiki Kamoshita

Unknown

2026 Ryoma Kosasa

Others "Jídào Zhànyì (Gokudō Battle)" in the Goku Dō High School Original TV Soundtrack (2006). Singers: Kingone Wang, Li Wei Hao, Ma Ju Long, and DEAN FUJIOKA (beat box and rap). "Hello Radio" (2016), the limited-time rental song for the spring campaign ACCESS! by Japan FM League and TSUTAYA. Musicians: The Poolside, including Shigeru Kishida, tofubeats, Takuya Ōhashi, Kaela Kimura, KREVA, DEAN FUJIOKA, Sakura Fujiwara, and YONCE. "Hare no Hi / Qíng Tīan" (2023), the first Japanese-language single by Taiwanese band Accusefive (告五人). Fujioka wrote new Japanese lyrics for "Finally (好不容易)", which was their smash hit as the ending song for the Netflix series Light the Night (華燈初上). Singers: Accusefive and DEAN FUJIOKA. "TOY BOY feat. DEAN FUJIOKA" (2024), the song from the first album HBZ, released for distribution in March 2024, by Japanese hip hop group HONEST BOYZ® led by EXILE NAOTO.

Live performances

Festivals and events High Jinks by CHAPTER47 (2014) LIVE@Makitasports (2016) MTV VMAJ 2018 -THE LIVE- (2018) ☆Taku Takahashi presents Intergalactic -"History In The Making" Party- (2019) as a DJ 908 FESTIVAL 2019 (2019) Act Against Anything VOL.2 "THE VARIETY 28" (2022) Identity V Japan League Fall The Play Offs & X'mas Fan Meeting "Christmas Night ni Kane ga Naru" (2022) Fantasy on Ice 2023 in NIIGATA (2023) Fantasy on Ice 2023 in KOBE (2023) Kaze to Rock Imonikai 2024 Imony Symphony "Furusato" (2024) SUPERPOP JAPAN 2024 (2024) Ya Boy Kongming! The Movie Kickoff Party (2025) 2025 SUPER SLIPPA 超犀利趴14 (2025) 9th Momoiro Uta Gassen (2025) SAKYOU FES.2026 (2026) Crunchroll Anime Awards 2026 (2026) DEAN FUJIOKA's Ch-Ch-Ch-Check it Out!!! in SUNDAY MARK'E 765 (FM COCOLO), a regular segment from 3 April 2016 to 25 March 2018 DEAN FUJIOKA･Produce･Super･Edition (JAPAN FM NETWORK COMPANY), a program for a limited time during January 2019 and December 2021 ROPPONGI PASSION PIT (J-WAVE), a regular program from 4 April 2020 to 26 March 2022, with Yūki Mihara From 4 April 2021 to 27 March 2022, its program was also aired on FM802. DEAN FUJIOKA New Calendar (TOKYO FM), a regular program from 5 April 2025 to 27 June 2026

Books and serializations Tatsumaki Photoessay

Picture book FamBam, illustrated by Hikarin (April 9, 2021)

translation Arisan Chef no Shōtaijō, written by Dario Pomodoro and illustrated by Lorenzo Sangiò (October 16, 2025)

Photo book Z-Ero, photographed by RK (June 30, 2021) Shūkan Entame "STORY" (every Saturday in December 2021, morning edition of the Yomiuri Shimbun)

Others Amuse Mobile art project "Shirotoiro" 不変 (Fuhen) (2016), collaborated with Hina Sakurada We are Asia - Dean Fujioka & Friends Digest version (2016, Nippon TV) Original version (5 episodes) (2016, Nittele Plus) The 150th Anniversary of Beatrix Potter's Birth: Peter Rabbit Exhibition (2016 - 2017, Tokyo, Fukuoka, Sendai, Osaka, Hiroshima and Nagoya) as an official supporter and an audio guide navigator Dean Fujioka Hatsu no Igirisu Tabi: Utsukushiki Kosui Chihō, Peter Rabbit no Sekai wo Tazuneru (2016, BS Asahi) NHK Special: Kanzen Kaibō Tyrannosaurus〜Saikyō Kyōryū Shinka no Nazo〜 (2016, NHK) as a navigator Jack-O-Land "Celebrity Parade" (2016, Yokohama Arena) as a special guest Bubble tea "Dean Tapioca" (2019, taiwan ten cafe) as the supervisor of the drink World Robot Summit 2020 Opening Ceremony of WRS in Fukushima (2021, Robot Test Field located in Fukushima Prefecture) as an ambassador Coach (2021 - 2023) as an ambassador for the men's category Japan Exchange Group "Dainōkai" (The final session of the year) (2021, Osaka Exchange) as a guest Hirogare! Irotoridori: Reformer's no Tsue ep. 4 (2022, NHK Educational TV) as a guest "Snoopy Happiness Float 2022" Departure ceremony PR event (2022, in front of Tokyo Tower) as a special guest Ribbon-cutting ceremony at Lanvin Ginza Store (2022, Ginza) as a special guest FWD Life Insurance Company, Limited (2022 - 2024, Japan) as an ambassador Tiffany Blue ni Miserarete (2024, Nippon TV) as a narrator "2024 TAIWAN EXCELLENCE in TOKYO ft. GOOD DESIGN AWARD" Opening ceremony and talk show (2024, KITTE Marunouchi) as an event ambassador WWF Japan (2024 - ) as a goodwill ambassador for WWF Japan 37th Tokyo International Film Festival Red carpet event (2024, Tokyo Midtown Hibiya) Q&A (2024, Marunouchi Toei) Yamagata International Movie Festival (2024, Movie On Yamagata), the stage greeting of the invited film Pure Japanese Emulation and Admiration: Two Stories of Collecting European Art - European Master Paintings from The San Diego Museum of Art and The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (2025, National Museum of Western Art and Kyoto City KYOCERA Museum of Art) as an audio guide navigator 18th Asian Film Awards (2025, Hong Kong) as an AFA ambassador Crunchyroll Anime Awards (2025, Grand Prince Hotel Shin Takanawa) as a presenter TECH WORLD e Yōkoso! Kokoro Hureau Special Guest Day (2025, TECH WORLD at the Osaka-Kansai Expo 2025) as a special guest The Quest of Wonders Parade (2025 - , Sanrio Puroland) as the voice of librarian Pirione

Awards and nominations Year Award Category Work Result 2016 88th The Television Drama Academy Awards The Television Prize Asa ga Kita (Here Comes Asa!) 9th Tokyo Drama Awards Best Supporting Actor (Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role) Asa ga Kita (Here Comes Asa!) 3rd Yahoo! Search Grand PrizePerson Category: Grand Prize, Actor Category Prize CONFiDENCE Award Drama Prize Annual Grand Prize Newcomer of the Year 39th Anime Grand Prix Anime Song 2017 IGN Best of 2016 Awards Best Anime Opening "History Maker" 1st Crunchyroll Anime Awards Best Opening "History Maker" 41st Elan d'or Awards Newcomer of the Year 24th AnimeLand Grand Prix Best Theme Song "History Maker" 5th Japan Action Awards Best Action Actor IQ246: The Cases of a Royal Genius 7th Newtype Anime Awards Best Theme Song "History Maker" 2018 12th CONFiDENCE Award Drama Prize Best Leading Actor The Count of Monte-Cristo: Great Revenge Weibo Account Festival in Japan 2019 Ambassador of Sino-Japanese Cultural Exchange

References and notes