David ben Amram Adani

David ben Amram Adani (14th-century CE) was a Yemenite Jewish scholar renowned for his authorship of Midrash HaGadol, a collection of homiletical expositions drawn from ancient rabbinic sources. Adani is believed to have descended from a line of prominent Jewish leaders in Aden, as he is referred to in one ancient source as "David b. Amram, the nagid from the city of Aden." Many of these works are now housed in the manuscript department of major libraries in New York, London and Berlin. Correspondence with Egypt's chief rabbi In 1346, the head of Egypt's Jewish community, Yehoshua Hanagid, carried on a correspondence with Rabbi David Adani, in which the spiritual ruler of Egypt's Jewish community answered a number of questions sent to him ( = responsa) by the community in Yemen, mostly on matters relating to what seemed to be contradictions between two halakhic rulings in Maimonides' Mishne Torah and his Sefer ha-Mitzvot, although other questions simply relate, not to Maimonides, but to one of the other rabbinic sources, such as the words of the Sifra, in affirmative command no. 89. Some of the questions deal with practical halakha, such as those issues addressed in Seder Ahavah and Zemanim of Maimonides' Mishne Torah, as well as on the laws affecting women and marriages. In one question, David Adani requests of the Nagid in Egypt to arrange for the people of Yemen the set-order or cycle of nineteen calendar years, according to the Hebrew calendar, with their intercalated months, beginning with the year 1,663 of the Seleucid era (1352 CE). More than one-hundred questions and responsa were exchanged between the two men.

Poetry The rhymed poetic openings used by David Adani at the start of each parashah in the Midrash HaGadol are reminiscent of Rabbi Hai ben Nahshon Gaon's midrash Pitheron Torah (Torah Solution), a work thought to have been compiled about 886–896 CE. Their primary intent is to grace the midrashic works under discussion. merǝšūṯ boré šivʻah rǝqīʻīm By the authority of Him who creates seven firmaments meyuḥad u-mǝforaš bešemoṯ šivʻīm He who is Special, and who is expressed by seventy names yiṯbaraḫ šǝmo šǝkoḥo ʻolam marʻīm May His name be blessed, by whose power the world shakes ha-kol modīm lo ṭovīm wǝ-raʻīm All persons acknowledge Him, both good men and wicked men baḥar bǝʻammo wi-hivdillam min ha-toʻīm He that chose His people and distinguished them from those who err siğlam u-qra’am yeled šaʻašūʻīm He made of them a peculiar [race] and called them a delightful child. wǝ-naṯan lanū ṯoraṯo miflǝ’oṯ tǝmīm deʻīm And He gave unto us His Law, even the wonders of the All-knowing ʻal yad ṣīr ne’eman ’abīr ha-roʻīm Through a faithful messenger, the noblest of the shepherds ken yašpīaʻ šǝlomeinū kǝnaḥǝlei mabūʻīm Thus may He cause our peace to emanate, as the brooks of flood waters wǝ-nihǝyeh dǝšenīm wǝ-raʻanǝnīm u-vǝ-torah sǝveʻīm And let us be full of ripeness and wholesomeness and satisfied in the Divine Law wǝ-nomar hallelū-yah kī-ṭov zamǝrah ’eloheinū kī-naʻīm And let us say, Hallejah! For it is good to sing [to] our God, for it is pleasant