Chang Ruo

Chang Ruo was the fourth ruler of Predynastic Shang. His family name is Zi . He is not attested in oracle bone inscriptions at all, only being mentioned in post-Shang texts, particularly Records of the Grand Historian.

Family His great-grandfather was Xie, the founder of Predynastic Shang and a descendent of Emperor Ku and the Yellow Emperor. His grandfather was Zhao Ming. His father was Xiang Tu, who is recorded as being a chariot-maker. His son was Cao Yu, who would succeed him after his death.