Candraraja

Candrarāja was a Siamese monarch mentioned in the Ayutthaya Testimonies as ruler first of Vicitraprakāra, identified with Kamphaeng Phet, and then of the Sukhothai Kingdom, to which he moved his seat.

Under his rule Sukhothai ceased paying tribute to Indaprasthanagara and defeated it in the war that followed. He was the father of Si Inthrathit, who took Sukhothai in 1238 and founded the Phra Ruang dynasty; on one reading of the Legend of Sawankhalok the ruler Si Inthrathit deposed there was another of his sons.

Background He was born in the year 516 of the Chula Sakarat Era (1154 CE) to Sirisudhārājadevī , a queen consort of Suryaraja of Vicitraprakāra, identified with the present-day Kamphaeng Phet. Sūryarāja was a descendant of King Padumasuriyavamsa. Candrarāja had two queen consorts, Sūryadevī and Nang Nak . The latter, who potentially was the Tai princess, bore an elder prince named Phra Ruang (IV), also known as Si Inthrathit, The Legend of Sawankhalok records that Phra Ruang IV had an elder brother, Phra Ruang III, who ruled Mueang Fang , identified with present-day . That elder brother has been identified with Khom Sabat Khlon Lamphong, who held Sukhothai until Si Inthrathit took it in 1238, which would make the two brothers.

Where Indaprasthanagara lay is disputed. Thai and Cambodian historiography long equated it with the Angkorian capital of Yaśodharapura, an identification Michael Vickery rejected in 1995 on philological grounds, holding that the sruk indraparāś of the Angkorian inscriptions denotes a village or district rather than a capital. The Ayutthaya Testimonies place it instead east of Sankhaburi, in the Phraek Si Racha region.

Around 1200 CE, Sukhothai’s southern neighbor—a polity in the Phraek Si Racha region known as Chen Li Fu (possibly Indaprasthanagara)—is recorded to have asserted a degree of autonomy by independently dispatching tribute to the Chinese imperial court. Walailak Songsiri associates its rulers with Phimai and the Angkorian Mahidharapura line, while arguing that the polity itself stayed outside Angkorian political control.

Death and succession Candrarāja's reign concluded in the year 576 of the Chula Sakarat Era (1214 CE). Accounts of subsequent events vary across sources. The Ayutthaya Testimonies assert that he was succeeded directly by his son, Phra Ruang IV or Si Inthrathit; however, this narrative contrasts with the more widely accepted interpretation derived from the Wat Si Chum Inscription, which records that the Mon monarch named E Daeng Phloeng ruled Sukhothai following Candrarāja's death, and was later overthrown in 1219 by Sri Naw Nam Thum and his son Pha Mueang of Mueang Chaliang. Chit Phumisak read the same passage differently, taking E Daeng Phu Loeng as the name of the elephant fought in the encounter rather than of a ruler, so that on his reading no ruler of that name held Sukhothai.

Ancestry