Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão

C. de Mello Leitão at the International Congress of Entomology in Madrid, 1935 Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (July 17, 1886 – December 14, 1948) was a Brazilian zoologist who is considered the founder of arachnology in South America, publishing 198 papers on the taxonomy of Arachnida. He was also involved with education, writing high-school textbooks, and contributed to biogeography, with essays on the distribution of Arachnida in the South American continent.

Biography

Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão was born on the Cajazeiras Farm, Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Brazil, to Colonel Cândido Firmino and Jacunda de Mello-Leitão. He died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. His parents were subsistence farmers, and he had 15 brothers and sisters. He lived most of his childhood at the state of Pernambuco. His first job as a zoologist (1913) was at the Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária in Piraí, RJ, as a teacher of general Zoology and Systematics. In 1915, he published his first taxonomical paper, with descriptions of some genera and species of spiders from Brazil. He also produced much taxonomic information on the Opiliones, Solifugae, Amblypygi, Uropygi, and smaller orders of arachnids. Mello-Leitão was appointed professor of zoology at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro in April 1931, where he remained until December 1937.

Among the many species of spiders researched and catalogued by the zoologist there is one in particular which is very intriguing, given its big size, beauty and carnivore habits (it is a bird eater) – the Lasiodora parahybana. The species was discovered and first described in 1917 in the vicinities of the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, from where it is endemic.

Mello-Leitão received many honor awards and was appointed or elected to distinguished positions during his career. He was president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences from 1943 to 1945.

On June 6, 1949, his friend Augusto Ruschi inaugurated the Museum of Biology Mello-Leitão in Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo (state).

The "Mello-Leitão Award" is granted by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Contributions to the taxonomy of Arachnida

Below a list of species of spiders discovered, studied and named by the zoologist, as well as the date of discovered and the country where it they are found:

Avicularia ancylochira, 1923 — Brazil Avicularia bicegoi, 1923 — Brazil Avicularia cuminami, 1930 — Brazil Avicularia juruensis, 1923 — Brazil Avicularia nigrotaeniata, 1940 — Guyana Avicularia palmicola, 1945 — Brazil Avicularia pulchra, 1933 — Brazil Avicularia taunayi, 1920 — Brazil Iridopelma zorodes, 1926 — Brazil Catumiri argentinense, 1941 — Chile, Argentina Hemiercus proximus, 1923 — Brazil Tapinauchenius violaceus, 1930 — French Guiana, Brazil Acanthoscurria chiracantha, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria cunhae, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria gomesiana, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria juruenicola, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria melanotheria, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria parahybana, 1926 — Brazil Acanthoscurria paulensis, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria rhodothele, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria rondoniae, 1923 — Brazil Acanthoscurria violacea, 1923 — Brazil Cesonia irvingi, 1944 — Bahamas, United States Ctenus vespertilio, 1941 — Colombia Cyclosternum garbei, 1923 — Brazil Cyriocosmus fasciatus, 1930 — Brazil Cyrtopholis zorodes, 1923 — Brazil Eupalaestrus spinosissimus, 1923 — Brazil Grammostola inermis, 1941 — Argentina Grammostola porteri, 1936 (synonym of G. rosea) — Chile Grammostola pulchra, 1921 — Brazil Hapalopus nigriventris, 1939 — Venezuela Hapalopus nondescriptus, 1926 — Brazil Hapalotremus cyclothorax, 1923 — Brazil Hapalotremus exilis, 1923 — Brazil Hapalotremus muticus, 1923 — Brazil Hapalotremus scintillans, 1929 — Brazil Homoeomma hirsutum, 1935 — Brazil Homoeomma montanum, 1923 — Brazil Homoeomma uruguayense, 1946 — Uruguay, Argentina Lasiodora acanthognatha, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora citharacantha, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora cristata, 1923 — Brazil Lasiodora cryptostigma, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora difficilis, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora dolichosterna, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora dulcicola, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora erythrocythara, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora fracta, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora itabunae, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora lakoi, 1943 — Brazil Lasiodora mariannae, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora parahybana, 1917 — Brazil Lasiodora pleoplectra, 1921 — Brazil Lasiodora sternalis, 1923 — Brazil Lasiodora subcanens, 1921 — Brazil Phormictopus australis, 1941 — Argentina Phormictopus ribeiroi, 1923 — Brazil Plesiopelma insulare, 1923 — Brazil Plesiopelma minense, 1943 — Brazil Plesiopelma physopus, 1926 — Brazil Plesiopelma rectimanum, 1923 — Brazil Proshapalopus anomalus, 1923 — Brazil Proshapalopus multicuspidatus, 1929 — Brazil Sericopelma fallax, 1923 — Brazil Vitalius dubius, 1923 — Brazil Vitalius roseus, 1923 — Brazil Vitalius sorocabae, 1923 — Brazil Vitalius vellutinus, 1923 — Brazil Vitalius wacketi, 1923 — Brazil

List of arachnological works

Kury, A.B. & Baptista, Renner L.C., 2004. Arachnological papers published by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (Arachnida). Publicações Avulsas do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 105: 1–17. [Date of publ: October 2004]. PDF