Bosone

Boso (Italian Bosone) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, priest of Sant'Anastasia al Palatino (1116–1122) and bishop of Turin (1122–1126×28). He was a frequent apostolic legate, making four separate trips to Spain in this capacity. In Spain he proclaimed a crusade to re-conquer the Balearics and held several synods to establish the Gregorian reforms. In Turin, he introduced the truce of God to curb private warfare.

First mission to Spain Boso was probably from the Piedmont region of northern Italy, which was at the time part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Piedmontese church had connections with Spain. In 1112, the abbot of San Michele della Chiusa in Piedmont travelled to Spain to summon its bishops to the council of Benevento being held the following year. He also tried to mediate between the warring married couple, Queen Urraca of Castile–León and King Alfonso of Aragon–Pamplona.

Boso is first recorded as a deacon at the court of Pope Paschal II in Benevento in early January 1113. Of his life before this we know nothing. Later that year, he went to Pisa as the papal legate responsible for overseeing the joint military expedition of the Pisans and the Catalans against the Almoravid-occupied island of Majorca. A first Pisan fleet sailed to Barcelona in 1113, but Boso went with a second fleet, which joined the earlier fleet that had wintered over in the spring of 1114. This was his first legatine visit to Spain. In Catalonia, he held a church council at Girona and proclaimed the crusade indulgence for those who would take part in the Majorcan campaign (June 1114–April 1115). His role in organizing the expedition is recounted in the Liber maiolichinus ("Book of Majorca"), a contemporary Pisan account.

Third mission to Spain On 18 February 1117, Boso presided over a church council at Burgos, the capital of the Kingdom of Castile. The acts of this council were only discovered in 1906. Archbishop Bernard of Toledo, Bishop Hugh of Porto, Bishop Jerome of Salamanca and Bishop Olegarius attended. Queen Urraca did not, but it was convoked in her name and the name of her son, Alfonso VII, already reigning in Galicia. Only bishops from her realms and from Catalonia attended; no bishops of Aragon or Navarre were present. Archbishop Maurice of Braga did not attend, and Boso pronounced a sentence on him in his absence. The council was primarily concerned with carrying out reforms. Canon XIV prohibited consanguineous marriage, probably at the queen's insistence, in order to further nullify her own marriage to Alfonso of Aragon. It also condemned simony and priestly concubinage. In ecclesiastical matters, the absent archbishop of Braga lost the diocese of Coimbra, which was assigned to the province of Mérida. The boundaries between the diocese of Mérida, Coimbra, Braga and Porto were also clarified in an agreement signed at Burgos on 24 February.