Bjarne Stroustrup

Bjarne Stroustrup (; ; born 30 December 1950) is a Danish computer scientist, known for the development of the C++ programming language. He led the Large-scale Programming Research department at Bell Labs, served as a professor of computer science at Texas A&M University, and spent over a decade at Morgan Stanley while also being a visiting professor at Columbia University. Since 2022 he has been a full professor at Columbia.

Early life and education Stroustrup was born in Aarhus, Denmark. His family was working class, and he attended local schools.

He attended Aarhus University from 1969 to 1975 and graduated with a Candidatus Scientiarum in mathematics with computer science. His interests focused on microprogramming and machine architecture. He learned the fundamentals of object-oriented programming from one of its inventors, Kristen Nygaard, who frequently visited Aarhus.

In 1979, he received his PhD in computer science from the University of Cambridge, where his research on distributed computing was supervised by David Wheeler.

Career and research In 1979, Stroustrup began his career as a member of technical staff in the Computer Science Research Center of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. There, he began his work on C++ and programming techniques. Stroustrup was the head of AT&T Bell Labs' Large-scale Programming Research department, from its creation until late 2002. In 1993, he was made a Bell Labs fellow and in 1996, an AT&T Fellow.

From 2002 to 2014, Stroustrup was the College of Engineering Chair Professor in Computer Science at Texas A&M University. From 2011, he was made a University Distinguished Professor.

From January 2014 to April 2022, Stroustrup was a technical fellow and managing director in the technology division of Morgan Stanley in New York City and a visiting professor in computer science at Columbia University.

Since 2021, Bjarne Stroustrup has been a Technical Advisor to Metaspex, a company developing a new C++ programming approach for business applications.

As of July 2022, Stroustrup is a full professor of computer science at Columbia University.

C++

Stroustrup is best known for his work on C++. In 1979, he began developing C++ (initially called "C with Classes"). In his own words, he "invented C++, wrote its early definitions, and produced its first implementation [...] chose and formulated the design criteria for C++, designed all its major facilities, and was responsible for the processing of extension proposals in the C++ standards committee." C++ was made generally available in 1985. For non-commercial use, the source code of the compiler and the foundation libraries was the cost of shipping (US$75); this was before Internet access was common. Stroustrup also published a textbook for the language in 1985, The C++ Programming Language.

The key language-technical areas of contribution of C++ are:

A static type system with equal support for built-in types and user-defined types (that requires control of the construction, destruction, copying, and movement of objects; and operator overloading). Value and reference semantics. Systematic and general resource management (RAII): constructors, destructor, and exceptions relying on them. Support for efficient object-oriented programming: based on the Simula model with statically checked interfaces, multiple inheritance, and efficient implementation based on virtual function tables. Support for flexible and efficient generic programming: templates with specialization and concepts. Support for compile-time programming: template metaprogramming and compile-time evaluated functions ("constexpr functions"). Direct use of machine and operating system resources. Concurrency support through libraries (where necessary, implemented using intrinsics).

Stroustrup documented his principles guiding the design of C++ and the evolution of the language in his 1994 book, The Design and Evolution of C++, and three papers for ACM's History of Programming Languages conferences.

Stroustrup was a founding member of the C++ standards committee (from 1989, it was an ANSI committee and from 1991 an ISO committee) and has remained an active member ever since. For 24 years he chaired the subgroup chartered to handle proposals for language extensions (Evolution Working Group).

Awards and honors Selected honors: Stroustrup has been a noble doctor at ITMO University since 2013. Honorary Professor in Object Oriented Programming Languages, Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus. 2010.

Publications Stroustrup has written or co-written a number of publications, including the books:

A Tour of C++ (1st, 2nd and 3rd edition) Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++ The C++ Programming Language (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th edition) The Design and Evolution of C++ The Annotated C++ Reference Manual.

In all, these books have been translated into 21 languages.

More than 100 academic articles, including:

Thriving in a crowded and changing world