Ben Travers

Ben Travers (12 November 188618 December 1980) was an English writer. His output includes more than 20 plays, 30 screenplays, 5 novels, and 3 volumes of memoirs. He is most notable for his long-running series of farces first staged in the 1920s and 1930s at the Aldwych Theatre. Many of these were made into films and later television productions.

After working for some years in his family's wholesale grocery business, which he detested, Travers was given a job by the publisher John Lane in 1911. After service as a pilot in the First World War, he began to write novels and plays. He turned his 1921 novel, The Dippers, into a play that was first produced in the West End in 1922. His big break came in 1925, when the actor-manager Tom Walls bought the performing rights to his play A Cuckoo in the Nest, which ran for more than a year at the Aldwych. He followed this success with eight more farces for Walls and his team; the last in the series closed in 1933. Most of the farces were adapted for film in the 1930s and 1940s, with Travers writing the screenplays for eight of them.

After the Aldwych series came to a close, in 1935 Travers wrote a serious play with a religious theme. It was unsuccessful, and he returned to comedy. Of his later farces only one, Banana Ridge (1938), rivalled the runs of his 1920s hits; it was filmed in 1942. During the Second World War Travers served in the Royal Air Force, working in intelligence, and later served at the Ministry of Information, while producing two well-received plays.

Due to the war and the death of his wife, Travers had a fallow period, although he collaborated on a few revivals and adaptations of his earlier work. He returned to playwriting in 1968. He was inspired to write a new comedy in the early 1970s after the abolition of theatre censorship in Britain permitted him to write without evasion about sexual activities, one of his favourite topics. The resulting play, The Bed Before Yesterday (1975), presented when he was 89, was the longest-running of all his stage works, easily outplaying any of his Aldwych farces.

Life and career

Early years Ben Travers was born in the London borough of Hendon, the elder son and the second of the three children of Walter Francis Travers, a merchant, and his wife, Margaret Burges. He was educated at the Abbey School, Beckenham, and at Charterhouse. He did not greatly enjoy his schooldays and later declared that he had been "a complete failure at school".

Inspirations to the young Travers: clockwise from top left: W. G. Grace, Ranjitsinhji, Sarah Bernhardt, Lucien Guitry Travers left Charterhouse in 1904 and was sent by his parents to live in Dresden, for a few months, to learn German. While he was there he saw performances by the leading French actors Sarah Bernhardt in La Tosca, and Lucien Guitry in Les affaires sont les affaires, which inspired him with a passion for the theatre. His parents were unimpressed by his ambition to become an actor; he was sent into the family business, the long-established wholesale grocery firm Joseph Travers & Sons Ltd, of which his father was a director. He found commercial life tedious and incomprehensible: "I had no more idea what it was all about then than I have now and vice versa." He served first at the firm's head office in Cannon Street in the City of London, which was dominated by dauntingly-bearded Victorian patriarchs. From there, to his and the patriarchs' relief, he was soon transferred to the company's offices in Singapore and then Malacca.

While at the Malacca outpost Travers had little work and much leisure; in the local library he found a complete set of the plays of Pinero. He later said he fell on them with rapturous excitement and found each volume "a guidebook to the technique of stagecraft." They rekindled his interest in the theatre, his earlier wish to be an actor now overtaken by his determination to be a dramatist. |group= n He later told Pinero that he had learnt more from him than from all other playwrights put together. His greatest lesson from Pinero was that "however absurd the incidents of a play they had to arise from a basis of reality. The people should never be mere grotesques. Ideally they should be as matter-of-fact – or apparently so – as the people across the road." Travers worked for Lane for three years, during which he accompanied his employer on business trips to the US and Canada.

On the outbreak of the First World War, Travers joined the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). His service was eventful. He crashed several times and narrowly failed to shoot down a Zeppelin. He became a squadron commander, and when the RNAS merged with the Royal Flying Corps he transferred to the new Royal Air Force with the rank of major in 1918. He served in south Russia during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, in 1919, and received the Air Force Cross in 1920.

In April 1916 Travers married Violet Mouncey (d. 1951), the only child of Captain D. W B. Mouncey, of the Leicestershire Regiment, and granddaughter of Sir James Longden. They went on to have three children - Josephine, Benjamin and Daniel ('Burtie').

Novelist and playwright

With the security of his wife's income, Travers determined to earn his living as a writer when he was demobilised from the RAF. He and his wife settled in Somerset, and he started to write. His first attempt was a farce about a lawyer who finds himself mistaken at a country house full of strangers for half of a husband-and-wife jazz dance act. While writing it he decided to turn it into a novel, The Dippers, which was accepted by John Lane and published in 1921. The reviews were good. The Daily Chronicle noted "an amount of clever writing and character study that the humorous novel rarely gets … as clever a piece of comedy as we have read for some time". Travers then turned the novel back into a farce and sent it to the actor-manager Sir Charles Hawtrey. After a tour that included eight large towns and cities, Hawtrey brought the play into the West End in 1922. The reviews were mixed: The Manchester Guardian praised the piece, and its star Cyril Maude; The Observer was scathing about both. The Times considered the play "neatly contrived and often brilliantly phrased" and praised the cast and the author – "such good company and in a play so amusing". The play had a moderately successful London run of 173 performances. The piece ran for just over three months.

Travers followed The Dippers with another farcical novel, A Cuckoo in the Nest, published in 1922. Again reviewers praised its humour, and again Travers turned it into a playscript. The actor Lawrence Grossmith spotted the dramatic possibilities of this story, and he acquired the performing rights to the play. Before Grossmith had time to produce the piece, he had an offer from the actor-manager Tom Walls to buy the rights. Walls was in need of a replacement for his current hit farce, It Pays to Advertise, which was nearing the end of a long run at the Aldwych Theatre.

Aldwych farces

With Travers's agreement, Grossmith sold the rights to A Cuckoo in the Nest to Walls, and the play opened at the Aldwych in July 1925. The leading lady was Yvonne Arnaud, and the two leading men were Walls and Ralph Lynn. They were supported by a team of players who became part of a regular company at the Aldwych for the rest of the 1920s and into the 1930s: Robertson Hare, Mary Brough and Gordon James, joined in subsequent productions by Winifred Shotter (in place of Arnaud) and Ethel Coleridge. #tag:ref|The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography incorrectly states that Travers himself was in the cast of A Cuckoo in the Nest. The cast list was printed in The Times, the day after the premiere, and does not include Travers. Though the main parts in the Aldwych plays were written to fit the members of the regular company, Travers varied their roles to avoid monotony. He also varied the themes of his plots. Thark was a spoof of haunted house melodramas; Plunder featured burglary and violent death (in a way that pre-echoed Joe Orton), and A Bit of a Test had a cricketing theme at the time of the controversial "Bodyline" series.

Travers's biographer H Montgomery Hyde records that between 1926 and 1932 the Aldwych box office grossed £1,500,000 in receipts, and the aggregate number of performances of the nine Travers farces totalled nearly 2,700.

Later 1930s

After the Aldwych series finished Travers wrote his first serious play, Chastity, my Brother (1936), based on the life of St Paul. To his sadness, it ran for only two weeks. No author was named for the piece, but it was an open secret that Travers was the author. The Times dismissed it on those grounds; Ivor Brown in The Observer congratulated Travers and deplored the snobbish suggestion that a writer of successful farces could have nothing of value to say on religious matters. All his life Travers held strong religious views and was a regular communicant of the Church of England; his views on chastity, however, were unorthodox: "sex is nature's act – God's will", and he admitted to wholesale promiscuity.

After the failure of Chastity, my Brother, Travers returned to comedy, though not immediately to farce. Later in 1936 his O Mistress Mine was a light Ruritanian vehicle for Yvonne Printemps. He returned to farce with Banana Ridge (1938) in which Robertson Hare starred with Alfred Drayton. It was set in Malaya, and turned on which of two middle-aged pillars of Empire was the father of the young hero. Travers himself played the part of Wun, a servant; his lines in colloquial Malay, remembered from his Malacca days, were improvised and sometimes took his colleagues by surprise. The play ran for 291 performances, bettering the runs of the last six Aldwych farces.

Second World War and postwar During the Second World War Travers rejoined the RAF, working in intelligence. He was given the rank of Squadron leader and was later attached to the Ministry of Information as air adviser on censorship. She Follows Me About (1943) had Hare as a harried vicar coping with mischievous Waafs and a bogus bishop. The Observer commented, "the third act is a tumultuous affair, with all four doors and a staircase in action at once."

In the postwar years Travers wrote a new farce for Lynn and Hare. Outrageous Fortune was described by The Manchester Guardian as "an elaborate tangle about stolen ration cards and a Hertfordshire manor house and country police ... very laughable in its own way." In 1951 Travers wrote another farce for Lynn and Hare, Wild Horses, about the ownership of a valuable picture. It was his last new play for more than a decade. In 1951 Violet Travers died of cancer. Travers felt the bereavement deeply. In Hyde's words, Travers lost most of his old zest for writing and spent more and more time in travelling and staying with friends in Malaya. In 1970 BBC television broadcast seven Travers plays: Rookery Nook, A Cuckoo in the Nest, Turkey Time, A Cup of Kindness, Plunder, Dirty Work and She Follows Me About. At the age of 83 Travers rewrote the plays for the BBC to concentrate on plot twists and verbal misunderstandings, rather than the high-speed action and split-second timing that characterised the original stage versions.

In his ninetieth year Travers had the uncommon distinction of having three of his plays running simultaneously in London; as well as The Bed Before Yesterday at the Lyric, there were revivals of Plunder at the National with Frank Finlay and Dinsdale Landen, and Banana Ridge at the Savoy with Robert Morley and George Cole. He wrote two further plays, After You with the Milk and Malacca Linda, in which he revisited the colonial Malaya of his youth. At 2013 neither has been staged in the West End.

Travers died in London at the age of 94.

Works Source: Gale Contemporary Authors Online.

Novels and short stories The Dippers, Lane, 1921 A Cuckoo in the Nest, Lane, 1922 Rookery Nook, Lane, 1923 Mischief, Doubleday, 1925 The Collection Today (short stories), Lane, 1928 Game and Rubber and The Dunkum Jane (in single volume with The Dippers), Lane, 1932 Hyde Side Up, Lane, 1933

Memoirs Vale of Laughter, John Lane, 1930, Bles, 1957. A-sitting on a Gate, W. H. Allen, 1978. Ninety-four Declared: Cricket Reminiscences, foreword by Brian Johnston, Elm Tree Books, 1981.

Plays PremierePublishedNotes The Dippers 1922 adapted from Travers's 1921 novel of the same title The Three Graces 1924 adapted from a play by Carlo Lombardo and A. M. Willner A Cuckoo in the Nest 1925 Bickers, 1939 adapted from his novel of the same title Rookery Nook 1926 Bickers, 1930 adapted from his novel of the same title Thark 1927 Samuel French, 1927 adapted in 2013 by Clive Francis, published by Oberon Books Plunder 1928 Bickers, 1931 Mischief 1928 adapted from his novel of the same title A Cup of Kindness 1929 Bickers, 1934 A Night like This 1930 Turkey Time 1931 Bickers, 1934 Dirty Work 1932 A Bit of a Test 1933 Chastity, My Brother 1936 O Mistress Mine 1936 Banana Ridge 1938 Bickers, 1939 Spotted Dick 1939 She Follows Me About 1943 Samuel French, 1945 Outrageous Fortune 1947 Samuel French, 1948 Runaway Victory 1949 (Brighton) Wild Horses 1952 Samuel French, 1953 Nun's Veiling 1953 (Bromley) Samuel French, 1956 revised version of O Mistress Mine Corker's End 1968 (Guildford) The Bed Before Yesterday 1975 Samuel French, 1975 After You with the Milk Samuel French, 1985 Malacca Linda

Selected screenplays TitleStudioYearNotes Rookery Nook British and Dominions 1930 released in the US by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as One Embarrassing Night Plunder British and Dominions 1931 Thark British and Dominions 1932 A Night like This British and Dominions 1932 with W P Lipscomb A Cuckoo in the Nest Gaumont-British 1933 with A R Rawlinson Just My Luck British and Dominions 1933 adapted from H F Maltby's Aldwych farce Fifty-Fifty Turkey Time Gaumont 1933 Up to the Neck British and Dominions 1933 Lady in Danger Gaumont 1934 adapted from his play O Mistress Mine A Cup of Kindness Gaumont 1934 Dirty Work Gaumont 1934 Fighting Stock Gainsborough Pictures/Gaumont 1935 based on the Travers play of the same name Stormy Weather Gainsborough/Gaumont 1935 Foreign Affaires Gainsborough/Gaumont 1935 Pot Luck Gainsborough/Gaumont 1936 loosely based on the Travers play, A Night Like This Dishonour Bright Capital/General Films 1936 For Valour Capital/General Films 1937 Second Best Bed Capital/General Films 1937 based on a Travers story Old Iron British Lion 1938 So This Is London Twentieth Century-Fox 1939 with Douglas Furber and others, based on George M Cohan's play Banana Ridge Pathé 1941 with Walter C Mycroft and Lesley Storm Uncle Silas Two Cities/General Films 1947 adapted from Sheridan Le Fanu's novel Uncle Silasreleased in the US as The Inheritance Fast and Loose Group/General Films 1954 With A R Rawlinson; adapted from Travers's A Cuckoo in the Nest

Television plays Potter, 1948 Picture Page, 1949 Seven of the Aldwych farces, 1970

Adaptations by others The Chance of a Night Time, 1931 adapted from The Dippers Mischief, 1931, adapted by W. P. Lipscomb Plunder, 1931, adapted by W. P. Lipscomb Popkiss, 1972, musical adaptation of Rookery Nook, adapted by Michael Ashton, with music by John Addison and David Heneker Yo robo, tu chantajeas, ella estafa y, ademas, un muerto, 1984, TV adaptation in Spanish of Plunder, adapted by Esteve Duran.

Notes and references