Arnaud Balard

Arnaud Balard (born 1971) is a French deafblind artist. In 2009, Balard wrote a manifesto outlining his philosophy of Surdism, an artistic, philosophical, and cultural movement celebrating deaf culture and deaf arts (including cinema, theater, literature, and visual arts). He is also known for designing the Sign Union flag, an image intended to represent global unity for deaf and deafblind people.

Early life and education

Arnaud Balard was born in 1971 in Toulouse. He was born deaf; as an adult, he developed tunnel vision and was diagnosed with deteriorating vision caused by Usher syndrome in 1999.

From age three to seven, Balard lived with an aunt to attend deaf school. Since he was able to learn French, he attended mainstream schools from age eight to eighteen. His education was conducted through oral French; he did not learn French Sign Language until he was an adult. From 1995 to 1998, Balard attended the European Academy of Art in Brittany on the Rennes campus, graduating with the congratulations of the jury. In 2009, he wrote a 22-page manifesto coining the word "Surdism" (from the French word for deaf, sourd) and arguing for the importance of deaf arts and greater acceptance of deaf identity. Balard was unaware at the time of the similar De'VIA arts movement which had originated in the United States in 1989, but Surdism differs from De'VIA in its inclusion of arts beyond visual arts, such as theater, cinema, and literary works.

As Balard's vision has deteriorated, his artwork has shifted from drawing to digital art, and again from digital visual art to theater and performance art. After studying flags around the world and vexillology principles for two years, Balard revealed the design of the flag, featuring the stylized outline of a hand.