Arculf

Arculf was a Frankish churchman who toured the Holy Land around 670 AD. Venerable Bede claimed he was a bishop from Gaul . According to Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People (V, 15), Arculf was shipwrecked on the shore of Iona on his return from his pilgrimage. He was hospitably received by Adomnán, the abbot of the island monastery from 679 to 704, to whom he gave a detailed narrative of his travels. Adomnán, with aid from some further sources, was able to produce De Locis Sanctis ("on the sacred places"), a descriptive work in three books dealing with Jerusalem, Bethlehem, other sites in the Holy Land, and briefly with Alexandria and Constantinople. Many details about Arculf's journeys can be inferred from this text.

His description of Jerusalem contains the oldest known reference to Al-Aqsa Mosque: As well as an incident of Caliph Mu'awiya I resolving a dispute between the Christians and Jews of the city.