Apichatpong Weerasethakul

Apichatpong Weerasethakul (; ; , born 16 July 1970) is a Thai filmmaker, film producer, visual artist and Professor at Tama Art University in Tokyo. Working outside the strict confines of the Thai film studio system, Apichatpong has directed several features and dozens of short films. Friends and fans sometimes refer to him as "Joe" (a nickname that he, like many with similarly long Thai names, has adopted out of convenience).

His feature films include Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, winner of the 2010 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or; Tropical Malady, which won the Jury Prize at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival; Blissfully Yours, which won the top prize in the Un Certain Regard program at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival; Syndromes and a Century, which premiered at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival and was the first Thai film to be entered in competition there; and Cemetery of Splendour, which premiered in the Un Certain Regard section of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival to critical acclaim. Apichatpong has received numerous additional accolades, including the 2016 Principal Prince Claus Award and the eighth edition of the Artes Mundi Prize. His first English-language film was Memoria, a 2021 international collaboration set in Colombia.

Themes reflected in his films include dreams, nature, sexuality (including his own homosexuality), and Western perceptions of Thailand and Asia, and his films display a preference for unconventional narrative structures and for working with non-actors.

Apichatpong has also widely exhibited in galleries, including FACT in Liverpool, and the BFI Gallery in London, the contemporary art space within BFI Southbank.

Early life and education Apichatpong was born in Bangkok, Thailand, to a Thai Chinese family. Both his parents had been physicians who worked at a hospital in Khon Kaen, while his grandparents came from Canton. Apichatpong never learned to speak Chinese as his father, who was also a member of the House of Representatives, died when he was young.

Apichatpong grew up in a traditional Buddhist family, exposed to rituals that incorporate animism and Hinduism, spiritual practices retained in the surrealist tones of his works today. Among the filmmaker's early influences are the Dada movement and Joseph Cornell's "boxes". and was conceptually based upon the "exquisite corpse" game invented by surrealists. He co-founded the production company, Kick the Machine, in 1999, and uses the company as a vehicle for his own works, alongside Thai experimental films and video. The list of other founders includes Gridthiya Gaweewong and Suaraya Weerasethakul and the company co-organised the Bangkok Experimental Film Festival in 1999, 2001, 2005 and 2008.

Blissfully Yours, Tropical Malady Apichatpong's 2002 film Sud Sanaeha (Blissfully Yours) was his debut narrative feature film His 2004 Sud Pralad (Tropical Malady) won a Jury Prize from the same festival.

Between Blissfully Yours and Tropical Malady, Apichatpong co-directed The Adventure of Iron Pussy with artist Michael Shaowanasai, who starred as the main character, a transvestite secret agent, while pop singer Krissada Terrence, better known as Noi from the Thai band Pru, portrayed the male lead. The low-budget, digital movie was a spoof of Thai films of the 1960s and 1970s, particularly the musicals and action films of Mitr Chaibancha and Petchara Chaowarat. The Adventure of Iron Pussy was screened at the Berlin Film Festival in 2004. When asked about the film in May 2013, Apichatpong said: "I have had enough of Iron Pussy for now. I was having a good time making it but I was not inspired."

In 2005, Apichatpong served as the consultant on the Tsunami Digital Short Films, a series of 13 films commissioned by the Thailand Culture Ministry's Office of Contemporary Art and Culture as a memorial tribute to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the resulting tsunami that struck Thailand.

The Thai Office of Contemporary Art and Culture also honoured Apichatpong with its 2005 Silpathorn Award for filmmaking. The annual award is given to living contemporary artists in various disciplines.

Syndromes and censorship controversy In 2006, Apichatpong released a feature film, Syndromes and a Century, that was commissioned by Peter Sellars for the New Crowned Hope Festival in Vienna to celebrate the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth. It premiered at the 63rd Venice Film Festival and screened at numerous film events, such as the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film's Thai release, originally slated for 19 April 2007, was indefinitely delayed after the Thai Censorship Board demanded the removal of four scenes. Apichatpong refused to recut the film and said he would withdraw the film from domestic circulation. He explained his reasons for doing so in an article in the Bangkok Post:

Two of the "sensitive" scenes involve doctors engaging in "inappropriate" conduct (kissing and drinking liquor) in a hospital; the others depict a Buddhist monk playing a guitar and two monks playing with a remote-control flying saucer. The censors refused to return the print unless the requested cuts were made. In 2007 the film was shown twice in privately arranged screenings at the Alliance française in Bangkok.

The censorship of the film came about as a motion picture ratings system was being considered by the junta-appointed National Legislative Assembly. A replacement for the 1930 film act, the ratings law contained a restrictive ratings structure and retained the government's powers to censor and ban films it deemed would "undermine or disrupt social order and moral decency, or that might impact national security or the pride of the nation". The ratings board would comprise mainly bureaucrats in the Ministry of Culture, as well as members of the Royal Thai Police.

To oppose the draft law, Apichatpong and other directors formed the Free Thai Cinema Movement. Apichatpong was quoted as saying: "We disagree with the right of the state to ban films ... There already are other laws that cover potential wrongdoings by filmmakers." Ladda Tangsupachai, director of the Ministry of Culture's Cultural Surveillance Department, said the ratings law was needed because moviegoers in Thailand are "uneducated". She further explained, "They're not intellectuals, that's why we need ratings ... Nobody goes to see films by Apichatpong. Thai people want to see comedy. We like a laugh."

The filmmakers sought a self-regulation approach, with the founding of an independent body run by film professionals. Apichatpong had written in a commentary earlier in the year:

Free from state influence, this agency would be responsible for monitoring and assigning ratings, and it would bear direct responsibilities towards the audience, who in turn would monitor the performance of the agency. This way, the film industry will be liberated from the state's shackles and begin to have a dialogue with the public.

A protest against the draft ratings law was held outside the Parliament building in Bangkok, at which Apichatpong and fellow Thai directors Wisit Sasanatieng and Pen-Ek Ratanaruang held banners that read: "No Freedom. No Democracy. No Peace" The ratings law, with the "cut-and-ban" categories left intact, was passed on 20 December 2007. The work was commissioned by Haus der Kunst, of Munich, Germany, with FACT and Animate Projects, and was produced by Illuminations Films, London and Kick the Machine. Curator Karen Newman wrote in the introduction for the exhibition: "His works are also vehicles that take us between different worlds, asking questions about the future and revealing a much bigger story than at first appears." Primitive was shot in the border town, Nabua, where the Mekong River divides Thailand and Laos. In 2011 the New Museum presented the American debut of Primitive

In 2010, Apichatpong's feature film, Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. The film was also selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards but it did not make the final shortlist.

In 2012, Apichatpong's film Mekong Hotel was screened in the Special Screenings section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

In March 2013, Apichatpong and fellow Kick The Machine artist Chai Siri received the "Sharjah Biennial Prize" at the 2013 Sharjah Biennial 11 in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), alongside five other artists, including Magdi Mostafa and Fumito Urabe. Apichatpong was also awarded Japan's "Fukuoka Art and Culture Prize" in June, alongside Indian visual artist Nalini Malani, worth JP¥3 million (US$30,540).

In March 2014, it was announced that Apichatpong will feature among 32 directors from four continents, including Vincent Gallo and Gaspar Noé, to direct Short Plays, a soccer-themed omnibus production shot around the world. Apichatpong's short is set in his home town, features 22 shots of its lake, almost the only recognizable feature from his childhood, which are arranged like players in a soccer game.

Apichatpong's latest film, Memoria, a collaboration with Tilda Swinton, produced by Diana Bustamante and shot in Colombia in 2019, had its premiere in the 2021 Cannes Film Festival. It received the Jury Prize (ex aequo), alongside Nadav Lapid's Ahed's Knee. Apichatpong also directed a segment of The Year of the Everlasting Storm, an anthology film.

Jengira's Magnificent Dream It was reported in October 2024 that Weerasethakul is preparing a new feature film set in Sri Lanka. The film is likely to be inspired by Arthur C. Clarke's The Fountains of Paradise (1979) as well as an article written by a Thai woman who went to Sri Lanka on a religious pilgrimage. In September 2025, the film's title, Jengira's Magnificent Dream, was revealed. Jenjira Pongpas, Connor Jessup, Sakda Kaewbuadee, Tilda Swinton are set to star and filming is scheduled to begin in Sri Lanka in February 2026.

Personal views In a May 2013 interview for the journal Encounter Thailand, Apichatpong Weerasethakul stated that his films are personal and influenced by his own sexuality, adding: "For me, the word queer means anything’s possible." He also said that he does not see himself as a Thai cultural ambassador.

Works Feature films YearEnglish TitleOriginal TitleNotes 2000 Mysterious Object at Noon ดอกฟ้าในมือมาร 2002 Blissfully Yours สุดเสน่หา Won the Un Certain Regard prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival 2003 The Adventure of Iron Pussy หัวใจทรนง Co-director (with Michael Shaowanasai) 2004 Tropical Malady สัตว์ประหลาด Won the Prix du Jury at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival 2006 Syndromes and a Century แสงศตวรรษ Nominated for the Golden Lion at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival 2010 Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives ลุงบุญมีระลึกชาติ Won the Palme d'Or at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival 2012 Mekong Hotel แม่โขงโฮเต็ล 2015 Cemetery of Splendour รักที่ขอนแก่น Nominated for the Un Certain Regard prize at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival Won Best Film at the 2015 Asia Pacific Screen Awards2021 Memoria Won the Jury Prize at the 2021 Cannes Film FestivalTBA Jengira's Magnificent Dream In production

Short films and installations Many of Apichatpong's installations can be considered short films. The following two tables are divided by method of presentation.

Short films

Installations Year English Title(s) Original Title Location(s) Notes 2001 Haunted Houses Project: Thailand Istanbul Biennial, Turkey 2002Golden Ship Memling Museum, Belgium 2003 This and Million More Lights 46664 2004 It Is Possible That Only Your Heart Is Not Enough to Find You a True Love: True Love in Green / True Love in White Busan Biennale, South Korea 2006 Faith FACT, United KingdomLiverpool Biennial, United Kingdom The Anthem Frieze Art Fair, United Kingdom 2007 Unknown Forces REDCAT, USA My Mother's Garden Musée de l’Orangerie, France commissioned by Dior 2007/8 The Palace Pipittan Tee Taipei National Palace Museum, Taiwan 2012 The Importance of TelepathyDocumenta, Germany Cactus River โขงแล้งนำ Walker Art Center, USA 2013 Dilbar Sharjah Biennial, UAE 2016 Invisibility Saitama Triennale, Japan Fever Room Steirischer Herbst, AustriaKunstenfestivaldesarts, Belgium 2017 async - first light Watari Museum of Contemporary Art, Japan collaboration with Ryuichi Sakamoto 2018 Constellations Gwangju Biennale, South Korea Fiction ShanghART Gallery, Singapore also at Art Basel in 2019 2021 A Minor History, Part 1 100 Ton Son Foundation, Thailand 2022 A Minor History, Part 2 For Bruce Azkuna Zentroa, Spain A Conversation with the Sun Bangkok City Gallery, Thailand A Conversation with the Sun (VR) Aichi Triennale, Japan 2024 Solarium SCAI The Bathhouse, Japan 2024–2027 Ring of Fire Benesse House Museum, Japan collaboration with Haegue Yang 2025 A Conversation with the Sun (Afterimage) Museum of Contemporary Art, Australia

Contributions 2008 Life on Mars, the 2008 Carnegie International 2011 "For Tomorrow For Tonight", Irish Museum of Modern Art 2013 "Mirage City Cinema", Sharjah Biennal 11 2013 "Photophobia", Oslo, Norway 2025 Designing of the trophy of the 'Busan Awards' for the competition section for the 30th Busan International Film Festival.