Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz

Anna Bilińska (pronounced: also known as Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz; 8 December 1854 – 8 April 1893) was a Polish painter, known for her portraits. A representative of realism, she spent most of her life in Paris, and is considered the "first internationally known Polish woman artist." The family then moved to Central Russia, where Anna's first art teachers were Ignacy Jasiński and Michał Elwiro Andriolli, both deported by the Tsarist government to Vyatka for their part in the January Uprising of 1863–1864.

In 1875, Bilińska's mother moved the family to Warsaw, enrolling her of-age children in the conservatoire. Anna was a talented pianist, an activity considered a suitable achievement for a woman of her class and time. But painting, a more suspect pursuit, would become her preference. Against her parents' wishes, she hired her own studio at 2 Nowy Świat Street, selling her paintings and paying the studio's rent from her own funds. and where later she also taught. In 1884, her father, Jan Biliński, and Krassowska died, leaving her emotionally devastated. However, her future was financially secured in Krassowska's last will and she was taken care of by fellow painter Maria Gażycz who lived in Normandy.

In 1889, she presented her Self-Portrait at the Exposition Universelle in Paris for which she was awarded a silver medal and was granted the right to exhibit her works out of competition during future editions of the event. This proved to be her first major international success. In 1889, her works were exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art in London. In 1891, they were displayed at an annual international exhibition in Berlin where she was awarded a gold medal.

She lived in France until 1892, when she married Antoni Bohdanowicz, a doctor of medicine, and took his name. After their marriage, they returned to Warsaw, where she intended to open a Parisian-style art school for women, but fell ill with a heart condition and died a year later on 8 April 1893. She was interred at Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery.

Works Anna Bilińska, Murzynka - A Negress (1884) NMW. Logged in Poland's official directory of cultural heritage looted during WWII, recovered in 2012.

Anna Bilińska is best known for her portraits, especially those featuring women, painted with great intuition. Her Self-Portrait with Apron and Brushes (1887) developed a new self-portrait pose by placing the artist in front of a model's backdrop, thus stating that she is her own model. Her portrait titled By the Window (1890), painted using the pastel technique, was regarded by 19th-century critics as Bilińska's most modern painting considering its subject matter, framing, and the use of light. It depicts a young girl leaning out of a window towards a sunlit garden and was probably painted during the artist's summer holiday spent in the fishing village of Boyardville.

Her paintings can be found in the National Museum in Warsaw, National Museum in Wrocław, National Museum in Kraków, Victoria Art Gallery in Bath, Musée d'art moderne in Saint-Étienne, Lviv National Art Gallery, Gothenburg Museum of Art, State Museum of Pennsylvania, and the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum, as well as in private collections.

Legacy

Bilińska is considered the first female Polish artist to receive a professional artistic education at an academic level and to earn critical acclaim abroad. She was included in the 2018 American Federation of Arts' exhibition Women Artists in Paris, 1850–1900.

Shortly after Bilińska's father died in 1882, Bilińska's portrait, depicting the artist in deep mourning, was painted by her friend, Emmeline Deane, in Paris. This painting (now in the Victoria Art Gallery) evoked such emotional intensity of loss that, when exhibited in Paris and London, it "caused such a stir that it featured in a cartoon in Punch magazine." The work is considered to be significant because it was not common, at that time, for women painters to create formal salon-style portraits of other women painters, let alone to exhibit them.

Bilińska's work was not well known through the 20th century, even in her home country. Some credit the "prejudices of the time and her own early death and short career" for this lack of recognition,

In 2021 the National Museum in Warsaw held a major retrospective of Bilińska work, displaying over 120 paintings (including Deane's 1886 portrait). The exhibition reviewers' consensus appeared to be that the show was finally bringing Bilińska the "recognition she deserves,"

Gallery

Selected paintings