Anandrao

Early Service Under Shivaji The exact date when Anandrao entered the service of Shivaji is uncertain; however, it is believed to have been around January 1664, following the death of Shahaji, Shivaji’s father, whom Anandrao had initially served. Upon joining Shivaji’s service, Anandrao was immediately appointed to the rank of Panch Hazari (commander of five thousand cavalry), reflecting his stature and military experience. This was the second most important officer position within the Maratha army after the Senapati during Shivaji’s reign.

Role During the Treaty of Purandar In 1664, following the sack of Surat by the Marathas, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb dispatched the Rajput general Jai Singh I to suppress Shivaji. By mid-1665, with the fort of Purandar under siege and nearing capture, Shivaji was compelled to negotiate. The Treaty of Purandar was subsequently signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh in June 1665. During this period, Anandrao accompanied Shivaji as one of his most trusted officers. In recognition of their loyalty and service, Shivaji rewarded Anandrao and other officers with jewels and ornaments. This event is documented in the 91 Kalami Bakhar, specifically in the 51st kalam (section), which was translated into English by historian Jadunath Sarkar.

Military campaigns and wars

Battle of Devrukh In 1666, after signing the Treaty of Purandar, Shivaji traveled to Agra to meet the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. However, he was arrested following an incident at the Mughal court. Taking advantage of Shivaji's detention, Adilshahi generals Pirmiya and Tajkhan launched attacks on Maratha territory. In November 1666, they captured the town of Devrukh near Vishalgad, establishing it as a military base for further operations. Their next objective was the fort of Vishalgad. To counter this threat, Maratha forces under the command of Anandrao and Venkoji Datto were dispatched on 12 November 1666. By the end of the month, a battle took place near Devrukh between the Marathas and the Adilshahi forces. In this engagement, both Pirmiya and Tajkhan were killed, and the Adilshahi army was defeated. The Marathas captured one elephant and several horses as spoils of war.