Abdur Rahman Mahmudi

Abdur Rahman Mahmudi (, 1909 – early 1960s) was an Afghan medical doctor and politician. Despite having grown up in poverty, he obtained a medical degree and became a prominent social activist. Mahmudi represented a Kabul constituency in the Afghan parliament 1949–1951. Ibrahimi described him as 'a well-known intellectual and leading figure of constitutional and reformist movement of 1940s and 1950s'. He hailed from a Hazara from Jaghori (Ghazni province). His father Mahmud Khan had been a landowner but had been exiled to Kashmir by Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.

Abdur Rahman received teaching from his grandfather.

In 1948 municipal elections were held, the first modern multi-candidate elections in Afghanistan.

Parliamentarian Mahmudi contested a Kabul seat in the 1949 Afghan parliamentary election, and was elected with some 14,000 votes (one of the highest number of any candidate country-wide). In 1951 Mahmudi founded a political party, the Hezb-e Khalq ('People's Party').

Mahmudi's brother Dr. Rahim Mahmudi and his nephew Dr. Hadi Mahmudi would become prominent leaders of the Maoist Shola-e Jawid movement in Afghanistan. Their kinship with Abdur Rahman Mahmudi gave the Mahmudi duo political prestige, and the Shola-e Jawid movement would claim to uphold the legacy of the struggles of Abdur Rahman Mahmudi.