ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd Zahrāwī

Abdul Hamid al-Zahrawi (; 1855 – 6 May 1916) was a Syrian Arab nationalist and former member of the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire. A journalist with the Arab newspaper Al Qabas he supported the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), a Young Turks movement that carried out a successful coup in 1908. Zahrawi sat for the CUP in parliament but turned against them when they started replacing Arab officials with Turks and was replaced in a rigged election in 1912.

Zahrawi argued against the Ottoman entry into the First World War in 1914 and when this was unsuccessful urged Syrians not to support the war effort. He joined the Arab resistance movement Al-Fatat in 1915. That same year the Ottoman governor of Syria Djemal Pasha planned to have Zahrawi arrested and in 1916 Zahrawi was tried on charges of high treason. Despite pleas for clemency from Ottoman leaders Talaat Pasha and Enver Pasha Zahrawi was executed alongside other Arab nationalists at Damascus on 6 May 1916. The date is commemorated in Lebanon and Syria as Martyrs' Day.

Biography Zahrawi was born in Homs in the Syria province of the Ottoman Empire in 1855. He attended the Ottoman Law Academy in Istanbul and afterwards wrote for Arab newspapers in Damascus, particularly Al Qabas. Zahrawi supported the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), a group of the Young Turks movement that carried out a successful coup in 1908, introducing democratic reforms and curbing the power of the sultan.

Zahrawi was elected to the newly re-established General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire in 1908, representing the CUP. The CUP began replacing Arab officials with Turkish ones and Zahrawi turned against them. With fellow deputies Shafiq Mu'ayyad al-Azm and Shukri al-Asali he led the opposition to the CUP in parliament. The CUP called new elections in 1912 which it rigged to remove the three Arab deputies from parliament.

After the First World War began in 1914 Zahrawi unsuccessfully tried to persuade Sultan Mehmed V to stay out of the conflict. Once the war was joined he argued for Syrian subjects to not get involved. In 1915 Zahrawi joined the Arab resistance movement Al-Fatat.

Zahrawi's sentence was carried out in a public hanging in Marjeh Square, Damascus, on 6 May 1916. Zahrawi afterwards became a cult figure to the Arabs and an inspiration for the participants of the Arab Revolt.